BACKGROUND A concentrate for bicarbonate haemodialysis acidified with citrate instead of acetate has been marketed in recent years. The small amount of citrate used (one-fifth of the concentration adopted in regional anticoagulation) protects against intradialyser clotting while minimally affecting the calcium concentration. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of citrate- and acetat...

Ethanol and opiate self-administration are sensitive to manipulations of cannabinoid CB1 receptor function and, from this, a role for the endogenous cannabinoid system in the modulation of drug reward has been hypothesized. However, direct in vivo evidence of drug-induced alterations in brain endocannabinoid (eCB) formation has been lacking. To address this issue, we explored the effect of drug...

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of meropenem in automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) patients. In 6 patients without peritonitis, a single dose of 0.5 g of meropenem was applied intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.) and concentrations in serum and dialysate were measured at specified intervals over 24 h with high-performance liquid chromatograp...

aspects versus safety and regulations. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13 [Suppl 1]: S78–S83 20. Guth HJ, Gruska S, Kraatz G. On-line production of ultrapure substitution fluid reduces TNF-alpha and IL-6 release in patients on hemodiafiltration therapy. Int J Artif Organs 2003; 26: 181–187 21. Vaslaki LR, Berta K, Major L et al. On-line hemodiafiltration does not induce inflammatory response in end-stag...

Multiple failures of transmission lines caused by climatic/atmospheric impact plague many electric power systems. Direct damage from such is quite huge, yet it marginal compared with the social reduction in supply electricity. As not economical to construct weatherproof lines, preventive actions should be employed most effective restoration, or reduce restoration time. A working group CIGRÉ (WG...

The safety of fluoridated community water supplies for dialysate and long-term intermittent hemodialysis has been questioned since 1965 [1]. The only significant means of clearing fluoride from body fluids are renal excretion and incorporation into bone [2]. When dialysate is prepared with fluoridated water, fluoride ion moves along a concentration gradient from dialysate to blood [3, 4]. Becau...

BACKGROUND A standardized practical method of post-dialysis blood sampling is required to improve the precision of using urea kinetics in the evaluation of haemodialysis dose and to permit comparative audit. The methods recommended in the Renal Association and Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (DOQI) guidelines reduce the blood pump speed to a low rate at the end of haemodialysis before bloo...

Therapy for kidney replacement with hemodialysis is a treatment that carried out in patients Chronic Kidney Failure to survive. The purpose of this study was determine the stability dialysate fluid machine by measuring temperature using DS18B20 sensor and pH 4502C on pre post-hemodialysis. research method manufacture module use pre-experimental design type "one group posttest design" independen...

background : one of the most prevalent side effects of hemodialysis is intradialytic hypotension and its symptoms. using sodium profiles 3 and ultra filtration profile 3 and cold dialysate are the ways to overcome this problem. since none of these methods could control this complication lonely, this study was done to investigate the effect of combination of two methods on intradialytic hypotens...