background central dialysate fluid delivery systems (cdds) are used by dialysis centers in japan, and although these systems are effective at delivering dialysate, they have a complex piping network with numerous sites where contamination can develop. in japan, cleaning disinfectants have been clinically evaluated based on endotoxin levels and bacterial counts, but there have been no published ...

introduction the concentration of substances, including urea, creatinine, and uric acid, can be used as an index to measure toxic uremic solutes in the blood during dialysis and interdialytic intervals. the on-line monitoring of toxin concentration allows for the clearance measurement of some low-molecular-weight solutes at any time during hemodialysis.the aim of this study was to determine the...

Prof. M. Fischbach, Unité Nephrologie Dialyse, Transplantation, Pédiatrie 1, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Hautepierre, F-67000 Strasbourg (France) Patient Dear Sir, Microbially contaminated dialysate is a well-known risk in patients undergoing he-modialysis but today seems very infrequent. On the contrary, more attention is to take into consideration for the dialysate pyrogenic substan...

BACKGROUND Dialysate-based, on-line measurements of Kt/V and protein catabolic rate (PCR) in dialysis patients have been considered more accurate compared with measurements on the blood side during dialysis. The primary aim of this study was to compare total removed urea (TRU) and PCR, normalized to body weight (nPCRw), obtained by three dialysate-based methods: (i) on-line ultraviolet (UV) abs...

BACKGROUND Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) has the possibility of increasing the dialysis efficacy by using higher fill volumes, frequent dialysate exchanges, and tidal techniques. It is then possible to treat patients adequately without residual renal function. The drawbacks of the required high amounts of dialysis solution of up to 30 litres per session are the high costs of lactate-based...

The aim of the study was to explore the possibility of utilizing UV-absorbance measurements of spent dialysate to assess urea rebound. Ten patients on chronic three-times-a-week hemodialysis were included in the study. On-line UV-absorbance of spent dialysate was monitored. Urea rebound was calculated based on urea concentration in blood (Rb) and UV-absorbance in spent dialysate (Ra). Rb and Ra...

Measurement of blood flow rate (Qa) is used to monitor arteriovenous fistulas and grafts that are used for hemodialysis blood access. Most Qa measurements use indicator dilution techniques to measure the recirculation that is induced by the reversal of hemodialysis blood lines. R plus the dialysis circuit flow (Qb) allows the calculation of Qa. The principle of needle reversal also can be used ...

Introduction The concentration of substances, including urea, creatinine, and uric acid, can be used as an index to measure toxic uremic solutes in the blood during dialysis and interdialytic intervals. The on-line monitoring of toxin concentration allows for the clearance measurement of some low-molecular-weight solutes at any time during hemodialysis.The aim of this study was to determine the...