This is an introductory tutorial on distance and similarity measures. In information retrieval, a distance is a metric that denotes dissimilarity or lack of resemblance while similarity is a measure of resemblance.

Abstract In this study, in order to prevent information loss, we propose two dissimilarity measures between intuitionistic fuzzy sets ( IFSs ), which consider membership and non-membership degree is farther extension of Fuzzy FSs ). Additionally, have examined the characteristics proposed metrics confirm their validity. We then conducted a series experiments, including numerical experimentation...

Measuring the dissimilarity between musical rhythms is a fundamental problem with many applications ranging from music information retrieval and copyright infringement resolution to computational music theory and evolutionary studies of music. A common way to represent a rhythm is as a binary sequence where a zero denotes a rest (silence) and a one represents a beat or note onset. This paper fi...

A common way to represent patterns for recognition systems is by feature vectors lying in some space. If this representation is based only on the predefined object features, it is independent of the other objects. In contrast, a dissimilarity representation of objects takes into account the relations between them by some measure of resemblance (e.g. dissimilarity). The nearest neighbour (1-NN) ...

Species establishment within a community depends on their interactions with the local environment and resident community. Such environmental and biotic filtering is frequently inferred from functional trait and phylogenetic patterns within communities; these patterns may also predict which additional species can establish. However, differentiating between environmental and biotic filtering can ...

This paper presents fuzzy clustering algorithms for mixed features of symbolic and fuzzy data. El-Sonbaty and Ismail proposed fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering for symbolic data and Hathaway et al. proposed FCM for fuzzy data. In this paper we give a modi3ed dissimilarity measure for symbolic and fuzzy data and then give FCM clustering algorithms for these mixed data types. Numerical examples and ...

The study explored how two measures of mother-adolescent dissimilarity in illness representations relate to negative emotional adjustment in mothers and adolescents. Eighty-four adolescents with type 1 diabetes (age 11.5-17.5) and their mothers completed the Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire and measures of negative emotional adjustment. Adolescents viewed diabetes as less chronic, cont...

We consider the single-user computational cut-off rate for the complex Rayleigh flat fading spatio-temporal channel under a peak power constraint. Determination of the cutoff rate requires maximization of an average error exponent over all possible space-time codeword probability distributions. This error exponent is monotone decreasing in a measure of dissimilarity between pairs of codeword ma...

This paper empirically compares nine image dissimilarity measures that are based on distributions of color and texture features summarizing over 1,000 CPU hours of computational experiments. Ground truth is collected via a novel random sampling scheme for color, and via an image partitioning method for texture. Quantitative performance evaluations are given for classification, image retrieval, ...