A basic question in analyzing cDNA microarray data is normalization. The purpose of normalization is to remove systematic bias in the observed expression values by establishing a normalization curve across the whole dynamic range. A proper normalization procedure ensures that the normalized intensity ratios provide meaningful measures of relative expression levels. We propose a two-way semi-lin...

interest rate ad valorem tariffs are considered as the most prominent trade tools extensively used in the framework of spatial equilibrium models (sems) to analyze agricultural and food trade policies around the world. however the results obtained from such models have been criticized because of their inadequacy in producing any observed data within the base period. hence a positive spatial and...

the partial differential equations for water flow and solute transport in a two-dimensional saturated domain are rendered discrete using the finite difference technique; the resulting system of algebraic equations is solved using a dynamic programming (dp) method. the advantage of the dp algorithm is that the problem is converted from solving an algebraic system of order nc(nl-1) nc(nl-1) into...

cfrp composites have unique application qualities such as high resistance and durability to environmental conditions, having relatively low weight and easy to install in strengthening concrete structure elements. the brackets should be strengthen sufficiently if they are not calculated and implemented well. application of the cfrp is one of the methods for such purposes. the study involves usin...

This study explores whether it is possible to reconstruct the frequency of extreme precipitation occurrence across the contiguous United States (CONUS) using the Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA), a 500 year paleoclimate reconstruction of the summer (June–August) Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). We first identify regions of the country where the LBDA may reflect the occurrence of extreme...

Online recognition of cursive words is a difficult task owing to variable shape and ambiguous letter boundaries. The approach proposed in this paper is based on hidden Markov modeling of letters and inter-letter patterns called ligatures occurring in cursive script. For each of the letters and the ligatures we create one HMM that models temporal and spatial variability of handwriting. By networ...