The Fetal Origins Hypothesis (FOH), put forward in the epidemiological literature and later flourished in the economics literature, suggests that the time in utero is a critical period for human development. However, much attention has been paid to the consequences of fetal exposures to more extreme natural shocks, while less is known about fetal exposures to milder but more commonly experience...

  Background The maintenance and health of children's milk teeth are important due to the high rate of caries and the fact that their health clearly affects the permanent teeth, the treatment of these caries and its complications leads to high costs for families and the society. This study aimed to determine the mother’s knowledge and att...

OBJECTIVE. Despite limited epidemiologic evidence, concern has been raised that breastfeeding and its duration may increase the risk of early childhood caries. The objective of this study was to assess the potential association of breastfeeding and other factors with the risk for early childhood caries among young children in the United States. METHODS. Data about oral health, infant feeding, a...

OBJECTIVE Despite limited epidemiologic evidence, concern has been raised that breastfeeding and its duration may increase the risk of early childhood caries. The objective of this study was to assess the potential association of breastfeeding and other factors with the risk for early childhood caries among young children in the United States. METHODS Data about oral health, infant feeding, a...

..................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................4 I. A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE ..................................................................6 The formative years of life......................................

..................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................4 I. A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE ..................................................................6 The formative years of life......................................