Abstract Background Lake is a critical part of Tibet's hydrological cycle, the lake–terrestrial ecotone most sensitive area in water and terrestrial ecosystem. For ecological protection maintenance lakeside zone, defining upper boundary key issue that needs to be solved urgently. However, characteristics made it difficult delimit. Wetland herbs are characteristic plants ecotone, their distribut...

Vegetation heterogeneity is an inherent feature of most ecosystems, characterises the structure of habitat, and is considered an important driver of species distribution patterns. However, quantifying fine-scale heterogeneity of vegetation cover can be time consuming, and therefore it is seldom measured. Here, we determine if heterogeneity is worthwhile measuring, in addition to the amount of c...

This study reports a case of climate-mediated transformation and physiognomic progression the Norway spruce (Picea abies) treeline ecotone since mid-1990s in Swedish Scandes. The methods include repeat photography foliation estimates old-established clonal spruces. An air soil temperature nadir by 1980s had caused extensive needle shoot mortality, evident at landscape-scale. Subsequent winter s...

Woody plant expansion into grasslands and savannas is a global concern. Rapid expansion of Juniperus virginiana, a tree native to North America, has profound ecological consequences. We used transplanted J. virginiana seedlings to investigate the role of resource availability on J. virginiana expansion following the removal of fire, the factor historically limiting range expansion of this firei...

The alpine treeline ecotone is expected to move upwards in elevation with global warming. Thus, mapping ecotones crucial monitoring potential changes. Previous remote sensing studies have focused on the usage of satellites and aircrafts for ecotone. However, can be highly heterogenous, thus use imagery higher spatial resolution should investigated. We evaluate using unmanned aerial vehicles (UA...

As global temperatures rise, variation in annual climate is also changing, with unknown consequences for forest biomes. Growing forests have the ability to capture atmospheric CO2 and thereby slow rising CO2 concentrations. Forests' ongoing ability to sequester C depends on how tree communities respond to changes in climate variation. Much of what we know about tree and forest response to clima...