The quantitative errors of extinction efficiency during the particulate measurement caused by the refractive index are studied. And the quantitative results are acquired when the real part of the refractive index and the imaginary part change respectively. The change ranges of the real part are 1+0.5 i to 2+0.5 i at a 0.1 interval and 1.5+0.5 i to 1.59+0.5 i at a 0.01 interval. Another the chan...

Changes in irrigation water-use efficiency are related closely to agricultural development. Clarifying the driving factors of irrigation water-use efficiency change at different agricultural development stages is beneficial for buffering the contradiction between the protection of water resources and massive agricultural water consumption. It also has theoretical and application value when it c...

Under the concept of metafrontier, technology gap ratio is alternatively interpreted as potential energy efficiency. Combined with Malmquist index framework and Shephard energy distance function, we then develop a metafrontier Malmquist energy productivity index to analyze the total-factor energy productivity growth with four specific components: groupfrontier efficiency change index, groupfron...

Improving energy efficiency is one of the most important energy policies in many countries. This study mainly focused on the economic and environmental effects of energy efficiency improvements in Iran’s electricity sector on Iran’s economy using a computable general equilibrium framework. Furthermore, the potential benefits of carbon reduction were explored. The results showed that the most si...

We use nonparametric production function methods to decompose farm-level labor productivity growth into components attributable to efficiency change, technical change, and factor intensity. The estimation is accomplished using balanced panel data drawn from the Kansas Farm Management Association for the period 1993 to 2007. We find that labor productivity growth is primarily driven by factor in...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the productivity change for agricultural cooperatives in Japan measured by nonparametric outputoriented Malmquist indices of total factor productivity. The productivity change is decomposed into technical change and technical efficiency change. Linear programming techniques are used to calculate the productivity change using a panel data set for 49 agricu...

Curvatures of the body can disrupt fluid flow and affect hydrodynamic resistance. The purpose this study was to evaluate effect a feedback intervention on glide performance torso morphology. Eleven male female national swimmers performed glides before after augmented feedback. Feedback consisted self-modelling visual verbal cuing, manipulate curvatures that Two-dimensional landmark position dat...