....................................................................................................................................................6 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................7 2. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................

in this paper, a two-surfaces sliding mode controller (tssmc) is proposed for the voltage tracking control of a two input dc-dc converter in application of electric vehicles (evs). the imperialist competitive algorithm (ica) is used for tuning tssmc parameters. the proposed controller significantly improves the transient response and disturbance rejection of the two input converters while prese...

Electric vehicles (EV) are considered a practical alternative to conventional and hybrid electric passenger vehicles, with higher overall powertrain efficiencies by omitting the internal combustion engine. As a consequence of lower energy density in the battery energy storage as compared to fossil fuels powered vehicles, EVs have limited driving range, leading to a range phobia and limited cons...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet. GHG emissions from PHEVs and other vehicles depend on both vehicle design and driver behavior. We pose a twice-differentiable, factorable mixed-integer nonlinear programming model utilizing vehicle physics simulation, battery degradation data, and U.S. driving d...

This paper examines how the different characteristics of both electric vehicles themselves and the consumers would influence the consumption behavior on electric vehicles. Data collection is based on the questionnaire design using the orthogonal experimental method and large-scale stated preference survey covering more than 2000 households in 10 central districts of Shanghai. Three types of ele...

The steady increase in oil prices and awareness regarding environmental risks due to carbon dioxide emissions are promoting the current interest in electric vehicles. However, the current relatively low driving range (autonomy) of these vehicles, especially compared with the autonomy of existing internal combustion vehicles, remains an obstacle to their development. In order to reassure a drive...

As discussed in the previous chapter, electrification is the most viable way to achieve clean and efficient transportation that is crucial to the sustainable development of the whole world. In the near future, electric vehicles (EVs) including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and pure battery electric vehicles (BEVs) will dominate the clean vehicle mark...

This paper analyses transport energy consumption of conventional and electric vehicles in mountainous roads. A standard round trip in Andorra has been modelled in order to characterise vehicle dynamics in hilly regions. Two conventional diesel vehicles and their electric-equivalent models have been simulated and their performances have been compared. Six scenarios have been simulated to study t...

As an effective means of displacing fossil fuel consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have attracted more and more attentions. From the power grid perspective, PHEVs and PEVs equipped with batteries can also be used as energy storage facilities, due to the fact that, these vehicles are parked most of the ...