Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) has recently gained interest of researchers due to its simplicity in implementation, efficiency and existence of very few parameters. The BBO algorithm is a new type of optimization technique based on biogeography concept. This population-based algorithm uses the idea of the migration strategy of animals or other species for solving optimization problems. t...

The article presents a general picture of the development architecture Ancient World in 3nd - 1st millennium BC. identified three main style-making cultures Mediterranean (Egypt, Mesopotamia with Levant, Aegean world Antalya) which were formed 3 thousand and changing trends their architecture, birth facade composition its change from plane to spatial, which, according author, reveals historical...

This article focuses on two examples of Confucian early childhood education in contemporary Taiwan and Japan. Based fieldwork conducted by the author 2015, it contrasts use Confucianism a grass-roots community educational setting suburban Taipei with attempts to create elite “kids’ seminars” central Tokyo. The study reveals roles gender, elitism, religious plurality, modern pedagogy contrasting...

This article explores the possibility of a spiritual Islam in West as viable alternative to traditionalist and political Islam. It looks at capabilities limitations two French Muslim voices, Abdennour Bidar Éric Geoffroy, who are most vocal intellectuals favor France. A careful examination their writings reveals that post-modernism, secularism, religious freedom all support spread However, beca...

The rise of nationalist populism, its challenge to representative democracy and the populist impact on liberal international order have emerged as one most significant phenomena in politics recent years. This special issue brings together a group researchers from wide range theoretical, disciplinary epistemological backgrounds, including political science, populism studies, foreign policy analy...

In recent years, political scientists have gained greater understanding of how national parliamentary parties use their tools: that is under what conditions they submit questions or amendments to legislation. We know surprisingly little about local councillors the tools at disposal: do these executive? When ordinances? examine extent and reflects differences between party groups’ ideologies in ...