G-CSF and GM-CSF are used widely to promote the production of granulocytes or APCs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved G-CSF (filgrastim) for the treatment of congenital and acquired neutropenias and for mobilization of peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cells for stem cell transplantation. A polyethylene glycol-modified form of G-CSF is approved for the treatment of neutropenias. ...

Objective: Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a potent hematopoietic cytokine, which stimulates stem cell proliferation in the bone marrow and inhibits apoptotic cell death in leukocytes. However, the effects of GM-CSF in the central nervous system are still unclear. The present study was undertaken to determine if GM-CSF can rescue neuronal cells from apoptosis and im...

in this study, we examined the role of early acetazolamide administration in reducing the risk of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) leakage in patients with a high risk of permanent csf leakage. in a randomised clinical trial, 57 patients with a high risk of permanent csf leakage (rhinorrhea, otorrhea, pneumatocele or imaging-based evidence of severe skull-base fracture) were analysed. in the experimen...

bakground: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) is a cytokine that stimulates hematopoiesis and induces proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte progenitor cells as well as production of bone marrow neutrophilic granulocyte colonies.  nowadays, human recombinant g-csf(hr g-csf) is used for the treatment of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced neutropenia, and also in patients...

Introduction Genetic background has known to be associated with the outcome of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I infection. In The present study we investigate the association between GM-CSF gene polymorphisms with the outcome of HTLV-I infection. Materials and Methods We analyzed 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promter region of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating...

A novel strategy to increase protein expression yield is unintended induction of expression in complex media, called auto-induction. This method can be used to express proteins under control of the lac promoter without any need to monitor bacterial growth pattern, and addition of specific expression inducers such as Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at proper time. In the present stu...

Previous studies showed that lens epithelial cells proliferate rapidly in the embryo and that a lens mitogen, most likely derived from the blood, is present in the anterior chamber of the embryonic eye (Hyatt, G. A., and Beebe, D. C., Development 117, 701-709, 1993). Messenger RNAs for several growth factor receptors have been identified in embryonic lens epithelial cells. We tested several gro...

Neutrophils contribute to the pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic debilitating inflammatory skin disease, yet their exact role remains be fully defined. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), major regulator neutrophil development and survival, can blocked by novel, human anti-G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) monoclonal antibody CSL324. We investigated activation migratio...

Introduction Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Haemorrhage (GM-IVH) is one of the most common neurological complications in preterm infants, which can lead to accumulation cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a major cause severe neurodevelopmental impairment infants. However, pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by GM-IVH are poorly understood. Analyzing CSF that accumulates following IVH may allow...