introduction: generally, subsidies are the amounts of government payments in order to provide all society members with minimum well-being. in several countries such as iran, the agriculture sector is supported by different methods to achieve goals such as increasing farmers' income, supporting domestic producers and eliminating dependence on imports, preserving employment and reducing poverty. ...

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Although public debate in Canada about climate change and air pollution is louder than ever, the state of the environment remains a relatively neglected determinant of health, and environmental public health infrastructure and programs are poorly developed. Health Canada has only recently begun to develop a national environmental public health tracking or surveillance system. The authors review...

This article demonstrates the need for indicators in the policy-making process and presents some of the current work on developing environmental indicators at the international, national and local levels. The paucity of indicators to demonstrate relationships between environment and health is outlined and a causal chain for physical pollutants--from source activity to emission, concentration an...

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The Health Status Indicators (HSIs) were developed as part of the Healthy People 2000 process to facilitate the comparison of health status measures at national, State and local levels. In this report, the number of HSIs where the national target has been attained and the number of HSIs that have improved significantly are enumerated for the United States, the District of Columbia, and each Sta...

The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires EU Member States (MS) to achieve Good Environmental Status (GEnS) of their seas by 2020. We address the question of what GEnS entails especially with regard to the level at which targets are set (descriptors, criteria, indicators), to scales for assessments (regional, sub-divisions, site-specific), and to difficulties in putting i...

Misrecognition, taken seriously as unjust social subordination, cannot be remedied by eliminating prejudice alone. In this rejoinder to Richard Rorty, it is argued that a politics of recognition and a politics of redistribution can and should be combined. However, an identity politics that displaces redistribution and rei® es group differences is deeply āwed. Here, instead, an alternative ’stat...

Geographic patterns of sarcoidosis have been detected and studied on a global scale. However, the associations between these disease patterns and population characteristics have not been determined. The authors studied the geographic pattern of sarcoidosis in South Carolina and its relation to socioeconomic status (SES) and health status indicators. Hospitalization rates for the period 1985-199...