BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a rapidly expanding zoonosis that shows increasing urbanization. Concern exists regarding the role of wildlife in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) transmission, due to frequent natural or anthropogenic environmental changes that facilitate contact between wildlife, humans and their pets. The municipality of Campinas, in southeastern Brazil, initially recorded VL in 2009, ...

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) determines that n-propyl bromide (nPB) is an acceptable substitute for methyl chloroform and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)–113 in the solvent cleaning sector under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program under section 612 of the Clean Air Act. The SNAP program reviews alternatives to Class I and Class II ozone depleting substances and approves...

Estimation of carcinogenic potency based on analysis of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranked by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the most popular approach within scientific and environmental air quality management communities. The majority of PAH monitoring projects have been focused on particle-bound PAHs, ignoring the contribution of gas-phase PAHs to the toxicity of...

the midst of raw sewage. In 2001, The EPA also found itself in trouble after declaring Ground Zero air clear, soon after the September 11th attacks. Local officials later heaped criticism on the EPA for that call. Even though the air was within normal limits, noxious dust coated buildings — and poorly protected cleaning crews were sent in to clean up that mess after the EPA’s all-clear. It’s al...

ii Notice The EPA through its ORD produced this document. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. iii Foreword The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with protecting the Nation's l...

Disclaimer The research described in this document has been funded wholly by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants program. The information does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recomm...

Enstrom’s article based on data from the American Cancer Society’s Second Cancer Prevention Study (CPS-II) is an important contribution to the literature on long-term relationships between mortality and air pollution exposure. It focuses on exposure uncertainties and regional differences. Neither topic has been explored in the many previous articles or critiques of CPS-II, and Enstrom’s article...

Occurrence and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been extensively studied in countries all over the world. PAHs generally occur in complex mixtures which may consist of hundreds of compounds. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed in the 1970 to monitor a set of 16 PAHs which are frequently found in environmental samples. This article reviews the suitabil...

NOTICE This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which may form the basis for a final EPA decision, positio...