نتایج جستجو برای: epidemiological mortality
تعداد نتایج: 350027 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The findings from epidemiological data that were collected from emergency camps for Ethiopian refugees during a mass influx of refugees into Eastern Sudan in 1985 are presented. An overall mortality of 8.9 per 10,000 a day was recorded during February 1985, and in children under 5 years of age the rate was 22 per 10,000 a day. The estimated prevalence of malnutrition (calculated as less than 80...
There is abundant epidemiological and clinical evidence showing that light-moderate drinking is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), total and ischaemic stroke and total mortality in middle-aged and elderly men and women. The epidemiological evidence suggests a J- or U-shaped relationship between alcohol and CHD. However, the apparent benefits of moderate drinking on ...
Introduction The infections associated with mechanical ventilation are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Limited studies report increased mortality and ICU stay, requirement for mechanical ventilation and higher costs in ventilator-associated Tracheobronchitis (TAV) in comparison to patients with ventilatorassociated pneumonia (NAV). These studies do not descr...
Patients with diabetes show an increased vascular morbidity and mortality that reduces their life expectancy by ~5–15 years (depending on the age at diagnosis) (1). There is convincing evidence from epidemiological and pathophysiological studies that hyperglycemia per se is largely responsible for the harmful effects of the disease. As recently shown by clinical trials, treatment of this condit...
Background and purpose: Data in death certificates acts as a basis in epidemiological studies. Community health statistics broadly originates from necrology, therefore, underlying cause of death is highly important. The aim of this research was to determine the extent of ambiguous symptoms, signs, and causes in mortality certificates. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive analys...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a non-neoplastic pulmonary disease that is characterised by the formation of scar tissue within the lungs in the absence of any known cause. IPF is the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and is an important cause of respiratory mortality. IPF is a relatively rare disease with an estimated prevalence ranging from two to 29 cases per 100,0...
Cigarette smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and disability in developed countries and is a rapidly growing health problem in developing countries. The magnitude and nature of the risks associated with smoking can be estimated using data from prospective epidemiological studies of smokers and nonsmokers and information on smoking in the population. In 1966 the National Cancer Ins...
The goal of primary chemoprevention is to decrease the incidence of a given cancer, simultaneously reducing treatment-related adverse events, cost of treatment of the disease and mortality. Prostate cancer is an attractive and appropriate target for primary prevention because of its high incidence and prevalence, increased disease-related mortality, long latency and molecular pathogenesis and e...
This paper deals with analytical methods for calculating the mean age of onset and the mean disease duration in chronic diseases. For this calculation so-called IPM models are used. IPM stands for incidence, prevalence and mortality. First, the general IPM model is introduced. Then, formulas for the mean duration and the mean age of onset of the disease will be developed and applied to epidemio...
Past influenza pandemics appear to be characterized by multiple waves of incidence, but the mechanisms that account for this phenomenon remain unclear. We propose a simple epidemic model, which incorporates three factors that might contribute to the generation of multiple waves: (i) schools opening and closing, (ii) temperature changes during the outbreak, and (iii) changes in human behaviour i...
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