introduction: providing desirable smile is one of the main concerns in cosmetic dentistry. hyperpigmentation is one of the esthetic concerns especially in gummy smile patients. lasers with different wavelength are used for oral surgery including carbon dioxide laser (co2), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (nd:yag), erbium family and diode laser. in this case, all esthetic procedures inc...

The optical layout of erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs) based on spiral and folded spiral planar lightwave circuits is considered. It is shown that layouts may be ranked according to their ability to provide maximum gain within a given chip area and an optimum layout based on a spiral containing both straight and curved waveguide sections is identified from an initial set. The analysis ...

To my parents Cover: contour plot showing the simulated number of excited Er ions per Si nan-ocluster, as a function of Er concentration and pump power. Brighter gray tones represent higher values. More details can be found in Fig. 4.26 within this thesis, on page 102. The work described in this thesis was mainly performed at the Laboratory for MAterials and Technologies for the Information and...

The recent progress in the field of Ti:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide lasers with emission wavelengths in the range 1530 nm < λ < 1603 nm is reviewed. After a short discussion of the relevant fabrication methods concepts and properties of different types of lasers with grating resonator, acoustooptically tunable Fabry Pérot type lasers and new ring laser structures are presented. key words: integrated opt...

Performance improvements by using an isolator as an amplified spontaneous emission suppressing component within erbium-doped fibers are evaluated. Simultaneous high-gain and near-quantum-limited noise figures can be obtained by such a scheme. The noise figure improves for input signal powers below -5 dBm and an improvement of 2.0 db with a simultaneous gain increase of 4.1 dB is measured relati...

On-chip optical interconnects with wavelength division multiplexing are being pursued as a low-power low-latency high-bandwidth alternative to metal interconnects. Significant research has focused on integrating optical gain material into the Si platform, with III-V wafer bonding to Si being the most successful candidate to date. In addition there is a long history of efforts to incorporate Er3...

We report the analysis of paired photon pulses arising from two cascading transitions in continuously pumped Erbium-doped YLiF$_4$ 1% and 0.01% crystals at 1.6 K. The dependence pulse peak intensity on squared number involved Erbium ions, between 10$^{11}$ 10$^{13}$, definitely identifies cooperative nature pulsed emissions, that are generated by subsequent, spontaneous formation coherent state...

We demonstrate an optical unstable phase for a laser driven erbium ion ensemble. The transmitted light through erbium-doped yttrium orthosillicate crystal becomes dynamically when illuminated by strong continuous-wave laser. Transient net gain was recorded if the passes sample twice. experimental results are understood in framework of many-body system interacting with classical field, where ion...

introduction: the use of lasers for treatment has become a common phenomenon in the medical field. currently, numerous laser systems are available for dental use. the use of lasers for periodontal treatment becomes more complicated because the periodontium consists of both hard and soft tissues. methods: related articles were gathered and selected carefully and reviewed. among the many lasers a...

BACKGROUND Reduced tooth structure in the pediatric and adolescent population is frequently restored with prefabricated zirconia crowns. On permanent teeth, these restorations may need to be removed replaced restorations. OBJECTIVES To explore compare use of 2 high-powered erbium lasers for removing crowns from molar teeth as a non-invasive alternative rotary instruments. MATERIAL AND METHODS T...