Many behaviors are learned through trial and error by matching performance to internal goals. Yet neural mechanisms of performance evaluation remain poorly understood. We recorded basal ganglia-projecting dopamine neurons in singing zebra finches as we controlled perceived song quality with distorted auditory feedback. Dopamine activity was phasically suppressed after distorted syllables, consi...

Measuring levels and patterns of illicit drug use, their correlates, and related behaviors requires the use of self-report methods. However, the validity of self-reported data on sensitive and highly stigmatized behaviors such as drug use has been questioned. The goal of this monograph is to review current and cutting-edge research on the validity of self-reported drug use and to describe metho...

Non-adherence to self-management guidelines accounted for 50% of hospital readmissions in heart failure patients. Evidence showed that patient activation affects self-management behaviors in populations living with chronic conditions. The purpose of this study was to describe patient activation level and its relationship with knowledge, self-efficacy and self-management behaviors in heart failu...

This project thesis investigates error handling for the Web Query Language Xcerpt (cf. http://www.xcerpt.org). In addition, a formal definition of the Xcerpt syntax is given. After a short introduction to Xcerpt and parsing, several error management techniques known from literature are presented. They are compared regarding their usefulness for Xcerpt, and one technique is recommended as most s...

introduction: elderly patients suffer disproportionally from a number of chronically painful conditions, with arthritis leading the list. osteoarthritis (oa) is the most common joint disorder and the most prevalent cause of joint pain across the spectrum of middle age to elderly. enhancing behavioral intention toward self-care for oa, previously known as proximal predictor of self-care, is one ...

OBJECTIVE Aggression is common in children and adolescents admitted to psychiatric inpatient units. Few interventions for reducing aggressive behaviors have been identified. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a milieu-based behavioral management program on the frequency of aggressive behaviors in a child and adolescent mental health inpatient unit. METHOD The behavioral management pro...

BACKGROUND Lifestyle behavior modification is an essential component of self-management of type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the prevalence of engagement in lifestyle behaviors for management of the disease, as well as the impact of healthcare professional support on these behaviors. METHODS Self-reported data were available from 2682 adult respondents, age 20 years or older, to the 2011 Survey o...