In mobile hydraulic systems such as commercial vehicles, hydraulic fluids are splashed and agitated in the reservoirs. To overcome air entrainment in oils, the overall dimensions should enclose a sufficient volume of oil to permit air bubbles to escape passively during the resident time of the fluid in the reservoir. However, in view point of environmental compatibility, energy saving, cost sav...

M layoffs in the 1980s and 1990s spawned a renewed interest in the effects of unemployment not seen since the Depression. Consistent with this focus, however, laid-off managers weren’t studied much after they had obtained new jobs. Reemployment signaled that a new, if somewhat different, equilibrium in employees’ careers had been restored. More recently, though, greater attention is being paid ...

We experimentally test how acceptance thresholds react to the decision of the proposer in a three party ultimatum game to exclude one of two responders with veto power from the game. We elicit responder acceptance thresholds in case the proposer decides to exclude one of them, what increases the available pie, and in case he doesn’t exclude him despite strong monetary incentives. We find that o...

We propose a new theory for downsizing, based on strategic reasons, rather than technological ones. A crisis may lead to a decrease in the willingness to cooperate in an organization, and therefore to a bad equilibrium. A consensual downsizing episode may signal credibly that survivors are willing to cooperate, and thus, it may be optimal and efficiency-enhancing, as the empirical evidence sugg...

Both media coverage and economic research suggest that there has been an increase in corporate restructuring and layoffs at healthy companies. This paper studies the restructuring and downsizing process at a financial services firm and its effects on the firm’s workers, both before and after these layoffs. I show that there were no major changes in pay or turnover leading up to the layoffs. The...

tthe study area included parts of the villages in behabad, of bafq county, yazd province, and pool research was conducted in 2008 and 2009. research findings show that rural workers and islamic councils have relatively been successful in development of rural entrepreneurship, and local people believe that entrepreneurs, officials, experts and local commentators, islamic council and rural worker...

A 77-year-old man with a 3-cm slightly elevated, nongranular type, laterally spreading tumor (LST-NG 0-IIa) of the sigmoid colon was referred to our institute for endoscopic resection (●" Fig.1). Piecemeal underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) was carried out with a high definition narrow band endoscope (CF-H190L; Olympus Europa SE, Hamburg, Germany). After UEMR, the margins were ablat...