It is known that the only finite topological spaces that are Hspaces are the discrete spaces. For a finite poset which is weakly equivalent to an H-space, a generalized multiplication may be found after suitable subdivision. In this paper we construct minimal models of the k-fold generalised multiplications of circles in the category of relational structures, including poset models. In particul...

in this paper, the gradual real numbers are considered and the notion of the gradual normed linear space is given. also some topological properties of such spaces are studied, and it is shown that the gradual normed linear space is a locally convex space, in classical sense. so the results in locally convex spaces can be translated in gradual normed linear spaces. finally, we give an examp...

the notion of a probabilistic metric  space  corresponds to thesituations when we do not know exactly the  distance.  probabilistic metric space was  introduced by karl menger. alsina, schweizer and sklar gave a general definition of  probabilistic normed space based on the definition of menger [1]. in this note we study the pn spaces which are  topological vector spaces and the open mapping an...

Krull dimension measures the depth of the spectrum Spec(R) of a commutative ring R. Since Spec(R) is a spectral space, Krull dimension can be defined for spectral spaces. Utilizing Stone duality, it can also be defined for distributive lattices. For an arbitrary topological space, the notion of Krull dimension is less useful. Isbell [23] remedied this by introducing the concept of graduated dim...

We determine when the topological spaces |G| naturally associated with a graph G and its ends are metrizable or compact. In the most natural topology, |G| is metrizable if and only if G has a normal spanning tree. We give two proofs, one of them based on Stone’s theorem that metric spaces are paracompact. We show that |G| is compact in the most natural topology if and only if no finite vertex s...

In 1998, J. Previte developed a framework for studying the dynamics of iterated replacements of certain vertices in a finite graph G by a finite graph H (see [3]). He showed that, except for special cases, the sequence of graphs formed by iterating vertex replacements converges in the Gromov-Hausdor¤ metric. In this paper we prove that the topological dimension of these limit spaces is one. We ...

Hessenberg decomposition is the basic tool used in computational linear algebra to approximate the eigenvalues of a matrix. In this article, we generalize Hessenberg decomposition to continuous matrix fields over topological spaces. This works in great generality: the space is only required to be normal and to have finite covering dimension. As applications, we derive some new structure results...

In this paper, the concepts of somewhat fuzzy automata continuous functions and somewhat fuzzy automata open functions in fuzzy automata topological spaces are introduced and some interesting properties of these functions are studied. In this connection, the concepts of fuzzy automata resolvable spaces and fuzzy automata irresolvable spaces are also introduced and their properties are studied.

One way to view Theorem 1.1 is as a statement that the algebraic structure of a finitely generated profinite group somehow also encodes the topological structure. That is, if one wishes to know the open subgroups of a profinite group G, a topological property, one must only consider the subgroups of G of finite index, an algebraic property. As profinite groups are compact topological spaces, an...