Recently, I’ve championed the doctrine that fundamentally different sorts of things exist in fundamentally different ways. On this view, what it is for an entity to be can differ across ontological categories. Although historically this doctrine was very popular, and several important challenges to this doctrine have been dealt with, I suspect that contemporary metaphysicians will continue to t...

In this paper, we consider three arguments for the irrelevance of the doctrine of double effect in end-of-life decision making. The third argument is our own and, to that extent, we seek to defend it. The first argument is that end-of-life decisions do not in fact shorten lives and that therefore there is no need for the doctrine in justification of these decisions. We reject this argument; som...

While the updating of U.S. Army counterinsurgency (COIN) doctrine is long overdue, its imminent arrival is cause for celebration. The reality, however, is that the military doctrine won’t fully address two challenges that remain critical for its ultimate success. One—altering approaches to risk–confronts an inhospitable politico-military culture and institutional history. The other key issue— t...

Basic doctrine about airpower should begin with an identification of the inherent and fundamental characteristics of air forces. Doctrine then spells out the implications of these fundamental characteristics for military strategy and operations. The fundamental characteristic of air forces is that their basic items of equipment (aircraft) operate in the medium of the air. As stated in the Air F...

In the 1970s, the Supreme Court handed down Smith v. Maryland and United States v. Miller, two of the most important Fourth Amendment decisions of the 20 th century. In these cases, the Court held that people are not entitled to an expectation of privacy in information they voluntarily provide to third parties. This legal proposition, known as the third-party doctrine, permits the government ac...

DOES EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY follow Karl Popper's "logic of scientific discovery", advancing through falsification and refutation?' Or does it progress through puzzle-solving within a paradigm, as Thomas Kuhn characterized the "psychology of research"?2 The case of Lotze's critique of Miller's doctrine of specific sense energies supports the Kuhn thesis. Even though Lotze's logical criteria did...

I defend the Doctrine of Doing and Allowing: the claim that doing harm is harder to justify than merely allowing harm. A thing does not genuinely belong to a person unless he has special authority over it. The Doctrine of Doing and Allowing protects us against harmful imposition – against the actions or needs of another intruding on what is ours. This protection is necessary for something to ge...

Wendy K. Mariner ∗ TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 976 I. FRAMING THE QUESTIONS......................................................... 979 II. USES OF HEALTH INFORMATION ........................................... 986 A. Clinical Medical Care, Payment for Services, and Health Care Operations ............................