This study examined the spatial, socioeconomic status (SES), and temporal patterns of ambient air pollution in Accra, Ghana. Over 22 months, integrated and continuous rooftop particulate matter (PM) monitors were placed at a total of 11 residential or roadside monitoring sites in four neighborhoods of varying SES and biomass fuel use. PM concentrations were highest in late December and January,...

Neighborhood parks are important as spaces of residential neighborhoods where part of the daily interactions of residents take place. Hence, the study of environmental quality of the behavioral settings in which they are formed can be considered a suitable indicator to measure environmental quality with behavioral patterns. In order to intervene or adopt strategies in the design and planning of...

OBJECTIVE Ebola media coverage directed public attention to potential disease carriers: residents or travelers from West Africa. We investigated the role of neighborhood population factors (i.e., the concentration of West African foreigners, non-West African foreigners, non-Hispanic Blacks) on individual responses to the Ebola outbreak in the United States. The role of these community-level fac...

We use minimal area metrics to generate all nonorientable string diagrams. The surfaces in unoriented string theory have nontrivial open curves and nontrivial closed curves whose neighborhoods are either annuli or Möbius strips. We define a minimal area problem by imposing length conditions on open curves and on annular closed curves only. We verify that the minimal area conditions are respecte...

Cities are the main ground on which our society and culture develop today will in future. Against traditional understanding of cities as physical spaces mostly around neighborhoods, recent use large-scale mobility datasets has enabled study behavior at unprecedented spatial temporal scales, much beyond static residential spaces. Here we show how it is possible to these investigate role that hum...

Historically, Denmark—like the other Nordic countries—has had relatively few, and low residential high-rise buildings compared to urbanized countries. Inspired by an international vertical urban turn, however, multiple high-rises have now been planned built. This has refueled debate on whether living in is compatible with Danish housing culture our high standard of social life. From this local ...

The most important requirement of the family after food and clothing is housing. It also plays an important role in providing safety and security etc. for the family. Security is important therefore it is placed among other human physiological needs like food, shelter and sanitation. Security feeling is one of the main factorsin stability of urban spaces. It can be said that secure enviro...