Flavones are synthesized from flavanones through the action of flavone synthases (FNSs). There are two FNSs, FNS I and II. FNS I is a soluble dioxygenase present in members of the Apiaceae family and FNS II is a membrane bound cytochrome P450 enzyme that has been identified in numerous plant species. In this study, we cloned OsFNS I-1 from rice by RTPCR, expressed it in E. coli, and purified th...

this paper deals with ridge estimation of fuzzy nonparametric regression models using triangular fuzzy numbers. this estimation method is obtained by implementing ridge regression learning algorithm in the la- grangian dual space. the distance measure for fuzzy numbers that suggested by diamond is used and the local linear smoothing technique with the cross- validation procedure for selecting t...

The operations in the set of fuzzy numbers are usually obtained bythe Zadeh extension principle. But these definitions can have some disadvantagesfor the applications both by an algebraic point of view and by practicalaspects. In fact the Zadeh multiplication is not distributive with respect tothe addition, the shape of fuzzy numbers is not preserved by multiplication,the indeterminateness of t...

In this paper we use the Triangular and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers as tools for assessing student Mathematical Modelling (MM) skills. Fuzzy Numbers play a fundamental role in fuzzy mathematics analogous to the role played by the ordinary numbers in classical mathematics, On the other hand, MM appears today as a dynamic tool for teaching and learning mathematics, because it connects mathematics w...

This issue of the Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development provides a snapshot of the progress that has been achieved in the research and application of functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) taken at the Fourth International Conference on Motor Prostheses at Deer Creek Conference Center, Mt. Sterling, Ohio, in July 1994. The objective of that conference was to facilitate the deve...

Ranking fuzzy numbers plays a very important role in the decision process, data analysis, and applications. The last few decades have seen a large number of methods investigated for ranking fuzzy numbers. The most commonly used approach for ranking fuzzy numbers is ranking indices based on the centroids of fuzzy numbers. However, there are some weaknesses associated with these indices. This pap...

We establish relationships between the set of trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and the set of interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and, on the other hand, between the set of triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and the set of triangular fuzzy numbers. Based on these main results of the paper, the methods or procedures elaborated for interval-valued trapezoidal or triangular fuzz...

In this paper I will introduce the trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IF numbers) and will prove some operations for them. Also I am going to propose a new ordering method for IF numbers in which I will consider two characteristic values of membership and non-membership functions for an IF number. These values are defined by the integral of the inverse fuzzy membership and non-membership...

Ranking fuzzy numbers is one of very important research topics in fuzzy set theory because it is a base of decision-making in all application areas. However, fuzzy numbers cannot be easily arranged in the order of magnitude because they represent uncertain and vague values. When two fuzzy numbers overlap with each other, a fuzzy number may not be considered absolutely larger than the other. Tha...