BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The bifurcation regions of the major human cerebral arteries are vulnerable to the formation of saccular aneurysms. A consistent feature of these bifurcations is a discontinuity of the tunica media at the apex of the flow divider. The objective was to measure the 3-dimensional geometry of these medial gaps or "medial defects." METHODS Nineteen bifurcations and 2 junctio...

Tietäväinen’s upper and lower bounds assert that for block-length-n linear codes with dual distance d, the covering radius R is at most n2 − ( 2 − o(1)) √ dn and typically at least n2 − Θ( √ dn log nd ). The gap between those bounds on R − n2 is an Θ( √ log nd ) factor related to the gap between the worst covering radius given d and the sphere-covering bound. Our focus in this paper is on the c...

A new paradigm has recently emerged in brain science whereby glial cells should be considered on a par with neurons to understand higher brain functions. In particular, astrocytes, the main type of glial cells in the cortex, are thought to form a gap-junction-coupled syncytium supporting cell-cell communication via propagating calcium (Ca) waves. The propagation properties of these waves and th...

Walnut is one of the high yielding crops in horticultural production, and establishment of walnut orchards is growing. Yet despite Iran’s being the second largest producer of walnuts in the world, this country does not play a significant role in walnut export. This gap is most affected by the need to mechanize the harvesting process. This case is more understandable when can construct a new dev...

We describe conditions on non-gradient drift diffusion Fokker-Planck equations for its solutions to converge to equilibrium with a uniform exponential rate in Wasserstein distance. This asymptotic behaviour is related to a functional inequality, which links the distance with its dissipation and ensures a spectral gap in Wasserstein distance. We give practical criteria for this inequality and co...

The purpose of this research is to present a new mathematical modeling for a vehicle routing problem considering concurrently the criteria such as distance, weight, traffic considerations, time window limitation, and heterogeneous vehicles in the reverse logistics network for collection of expired products. In addition, we aim to present an efficient solution approach according to differential ...

Geometric invariants are combined with edit distance to compare the ruling configuration of noisy filled-out forms. It is shown that gap-ratios used as features capture most of the ruling information of even low-resolution and poorly scanned form images, and that the edit distance is tolerant of missed and spurious rulings. No preprocessing is required and the potentially time-consuming string ...

The present paper aims to determine the relationship between ICT usage and generation gap in Tehran urban family. This research is based on a survey in which a systematic random sampling of 384 families has been chosen to be questioned from different districts of Tehran. The results of the test showed a meaningful relationship between the usage of ICT and generation gap in urban households of T...

The present paper aims to determine the relationship between ICT usage and generation gap in Tehran urban family. This research is based on a survey in which a systematic random sampling of 384 families has been chosen to be questioned from different districts of Tehran. The results of the test showed a meaningful relationship between the usage of ICT and generation gap in urban households of T...

We report anisotropic expansion of self-assembled colloidal polystyrene-poly(dimethylsiloxane) crystals and its impact on the phonon band structure at hypersonic frequencies. The structural expansion was achieved by a multistep infiltration-polymerization process. Such a process expands the interplanar lattice distance 17% after 8 cycles whereas the in-plane distance remains unaffected. The var...