In 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency introduced dosimetry modeling into the methods used to derive an inhalation reference concentration (RfC). The type of dosimetric adjustment factor (DAF) applied had to span the range of physicochemical characteristics of the gases listed on the Clean Air Act Amendments in 1991 as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and accommodate differences in av...

The effects of sevoflurane or isoflurane on arterial blood gas, arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation and end-tidal CO2 tension were monitored during induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in 10 premedicated New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits.For induction, the anaesthetic agents were delivered via a face-mask. After induction was completed, an endotracheal tube was introduced for maintenance of an...

in this study, the ion association phenomenon in the saturated solution of kcl in the mixed solvent(methanol+water) was studied. the solubility of this compound in the mixed solvent (methanol+water by value percent of methanol = 60%), and in the presence of various molarities of nano3 wasdetermined by the solvent evaporation method at 25.0°c. the results enable us to estimate the valueof thermo...

Although many anaesthesia machines are equipped with circle rebreathing systems, inhalational anaesthesia remains frequently performed using relatively high fresh-gas flows. The major advantages of rebreathing techniques can be achieved only if the fresh-gas flow is reduced to 1 l.min-1 or less. Although there are potential risks associated with low-flow anaesthesia, modern anaesthesia machines...

Massive cerebral and spinal gas embolism occurs rarely as a complication of discectomy. We report a 54-year-old female who had undergone a discectomy (L3/4 and L4/5) under epidural anesthesia in a local hospital developed multiple massive gas embolisms. At closure, surgeons irrigated the incision wound with hydrogen peroxide. Soon after the irrigation, the patient suddenly developed tachycardia...

In this article, the mutual solubility of tocopherols from crude palm oil was studied using carbon dioxide as a solvent at the temperatures of 80, 100 and 120 °C. Each sample from the phase equilibrium unit contained two parts. The liquid part was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) in order to measure the tocopherol composition and, on the other hand, the vapor phase was conducted in an expans...

Fluidized gas desulfurization gypsum is a popular agricultural soil amendment used to increase calcium and sulfur contents, and reduce aluminum toxicity. Due to its surface application in conservation tillage systems and high solubility, the soluble components of gypsum may be transferred with agricultural runoff into receiving waters. The current study measured toxicity of gypsum to Ceriodaphn...

The advantage of the application of the supercritical extraction in contrast to the conventional methods to prepare micro and nanoparticles is that the product no longer is exposed to high temperatures for a long time. Furthermore, the supercritical extraction offers the possibility to reduce the content of the residual organic solvent in the final product because of the high solubility of orga...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major contributors to the greenhouse effect. The power and industrial sectors combined account for about 60% of the global CO2 emissions [1]. CO2 capture and storage (CCS), which involves the processes of capture, transport and long-term storage of carbon dioxide, is a technology aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels during indus...

The composition shifts of multicomponent mixtures used in low temperature Joule-Thomson refrigerators due to the different solubility in lubricant oils are studied in this paper. A compound of squalane with a high-boiling point temperature is treated as a kind of mineral oil. The Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) is selected to predict the solubilities, in which a group contribution mo...