Hindgut is a major colonization site for Escherichia coli O157 in cattle. In this study, diets were formulated to effect changes in hindgut fermentation to test our hypothesis that changes in the hindgut ecosystem could have an impact on fecal shedding of E. coli O157. Feedlot heifers (n = 347) were prescreened for the prevalence of E. coli O157 by fecal and rectoanal mucosal swab cultures. A s...

PROBLEM: Before the cereals market reforms of the 1980s, food policies in Mali were aimed at securing cheap cereal supplies to urban consumers (government employees, students, the military, etc.). To achieve this objective, the government fixed the prices of the major food crops both pan-seasonally and pan-territorially and required forced deliveries to the national grain board. The grain board...

Biological nitrogen fixation is the most important biochemical reaction for life on earth. Phosphorus and rhizobium inoculation increased N2-fixation by legumes. Legumes in rotation with cereals contribute to the total N pool in soil and improved cereals yield. In view of importance of grain legumes and the role they can play in maintaining soil productivity and succeeding cereal yield, rotatio...

BACKGROUND It has been predicted that the global temperature will rise in the future, which means crops including sorghum will likely be grown under higher temperatures, and consequently may affect the nutritional properties. METHODS The effects of two growth temperatures (OT, day/night 32/21°C; HT 38/21°C) on tannin, phytate, mineral, and in vitro iron availability of raw and cooked grains (...

Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of steam-flaked sorghum grain bulk density on animal performance, cost of production, and propensity to induce ruminal acidosis in feedlot steers. In Trial 1, 336 yearling steers (343 kg; SEM = .346) were fed diets for 125 d that contained sorghum grain (82.5%, DM basis) flaked to .283 (L), .322 (M), or .361 (H) kg/L (i.e., 22, 25, and 28 lb/bu...

Fine grain products are harvested in two manual and mechanized forms. Nowadays, common combine harvesters are used, but fine grain products such as Rapeseed, Sesame and Sorghum cannot be harvested with conventional heads of combine harvesters due to the excessive grain loss in the head of the combine. Therefore, the necessity of design and fabricating machines and heads of combine harvesters be...