Nowadays Chinese is gaining more and popularity due to the economic influence of People's Republic China. Because this, interest in works culture growing. This objectively requires adaptation texts into other languages, including Russian. The article discusses systematizes main features translation complements from methods are analyzed, conclusions also drawn on type that suitable for translati...

AbstractGrammatical Evolution (GE) is one of the most popular Genetic Programming (GP) variants, and it has been used with success in several problem domains. Since original proposal, many enhancements have proposed to GE order address some its main issues improve performance.In this paper we propose Probabilistic Grammatical (PGE), which introduces a new genotypic representation mapping mechan...

Sinitic languages are very often described as tenseless, since they generally seen lacking ‘true’ grammatical markers of tense: thus, the interpretation time reference relies on other factors, such aspect, modal verbs, and use expressions. However, debate concerning tenseless nature Chinese has not been settled yet: several types items in have analyzed expressing both aspect tense, tense modali...

undoubtedly the holy quran is a unique book in arabic language, eloquently and rhetorically. its words are a pure collection of arabic literature. all poets, jurisprudents and philosophers believe it as a master art. it is a permanent treasure of arabic and for it many sciences have been generated. it kept the arabic language active and dynamic during ups and downs of the history. it also conta...

The multitude of readings of the Russian aspects – particularly the ipf (Table 1) – and the comparison with aspectual usage in the respective English and Turkish equivalents raises the question of how to account for those different readings and the cross-linguistic differences. This paper deals in particular with the following questions: is there an invariant meaning to be found in the Russian ...

The culture of the Sasak tribe is one natural resources owned by supporting community. One them marriage custom people in North Lombok Regency. purpose study was to identify meaning traditional lexicon marriage, Regency which focused on has linguistic meanings aspect (the lexical and grammatical meanings) cultural aspect. descriptive qualitative method used dismantle life experiences order unde...

This study investigated the effects of planned focus-on-form instruction (pFFI) on developing oral grammatical accuracy in Iranian English EFL learners. To this end, 60 lower-intermediate EFL learners studying English in a private English language institute in Tehran, Iran, were randomly assigned to two classes. Both classes received a task-based instruction on grammatical points elicited in or...