catalysed by isoenzymes of cytochrome P-450, the terminal oxidase of the microsomal mono-oxygenase system. The activation of the halogenated compounds, which is a prerequisite for their hepatotoxicity, takes place at the haem moiety of these cytochromes, the site where normally 0, becomes activated during the mono-oxygenase cycle. Because of the common activation site, there is a competition be...

In this study, mitoxantrone and its halogenated derivatives have been designed by density functional theory (DFT) to explore their structural and thermodynamical properties. The performance of these drugs was also evaluated to inhibit DNA topoisomerase type IIα (TOP2A) by molecular docking calculation. Noncovalent interactions play significant role in improving the performance of halogenated dr...

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are produced by the reaction of chlorine with natural organic matter and are regulated disinfection by-products of health concern. Biofilms in drinking water distribution systems and in filter beds have been associated with the removal of some HAAs, however the removal of all six routinely monitored species (HAA(6)) has not been previously reported. In this study, bench-...

A headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method has been developed for the simultaneously determination of 20 disinfection by-products (DBPs) in water samples from reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Selected compounds belong to different families including: trihalomethanes (THMs), halogenated acetonitriles (HANs), halogenated nitromethanes ...

Mosquitoes are the major vectors of parasites and pathogens affecting humans and domestic animals. The widespread development of insecticide resistance and negative environmental effects of most synthetic compounds support an interest in finding and developing alternative products against mosquitoes. Natural coumarins and synthetic coumarin analogues are known for their several pharmacological ...

Thermodynamic data on environmental refrigerants have attracted considerable interest in the optimization and design of heat compressors, exchangers and other refrigeration equipment. In this study, An optimization algorithm was used to obtain the constant parameters of the new empirical model by fitting them to the source databank. The model was used to calculate the constant coefficients of t...

The metabolism of the chlorinated ethylenes may be explained by the formation of chloroethylene epoxides as the first intermediate products. The evidence indicates that these epoxides rearrange with migration of chlorine to form chloroacetaldehydes and chloroacetyl chlorides. Thus, monochloroacetic acid, chloral hydrate, and trichloroacetic acid have been found in reaction mixtures of 1,1-dichl...