BACKGROUND Contraceptive prevalence is relatively high in Brazil (55% among women of reproductive age). However, reversible methods account for less than half of the method mix and widespread differences persist across regions and social groups. This draws attention to the need for monitoring family planning service-related outcomes that might be linked with quality of care. The present study e...

BACKGROUND Establishing effective postnatal contraception is essential for HIV-seropositive women to avoid the risk of unwanted pregnancy and minimise HIV transmission to HIV-seronegative partners. The authors describe their experience of providing postnatal contraception to HIV-seropositive women who attend a community-based integrated sexual health clinic. METHODS The authors performed a re...

BACKGROUND Implantable methods of contraception offer long-acting reversible contraception. Their uptake rate in comparison to other contraceptive methods, particularly in developed countries, has historically been low. OBJECTIVES To assess the contraceptive effectiveness, tolerability and acceptability of subdermal implants in comparison to other reversible contraceptive methods. SEARCH ST...

PURPOSE To describe the methods preferred for contraception, evaluate preferences and adherence to modern contraceptive methods, and determine the factors associated with contraceptive choices among tertiary students in South East Nigeria. METHODS A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of sexual habits, knowledge of contraceptive methods, and patterns of contraceptive choices among a poo...

OBJECTIVE To determine American teenagers' awareness of and knowledge about emergency contraceptive pills and their likelihood to use them. METHODS We conducted a nationally representative telephone survey between March 28, 1996, and May 5, 1996, of 1510 teenagers (757 girls and 753 boys), aged 12 to 18 years, living in the continental United States in households with telephones. The sample o...

BACKGROUND Women in developing countries are either under collective decision making with their partners or completely rely on the male partner's decision on issues that affect their reproductive live. Identifying the major barriers of married women's decision making power on contraceptive use has significant relevance for planning contextually appropriate family planning interventions. The obj...

BACKGROUND Most contraceptive methods present benefits beyond contraception; however, despite a large body of evidence, many healthcare professionals (HCPs), users and potential users are unaware of those benefits. This review evaluates the evidence for non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive methods. METHODS We searched the medical publications in PubMed, POPLIN...

Background: Among the non-surgical methods of preventing conception, taking oral contraceptive pills is the most common way. Some of the studies have shown that contraceptive pills due to containing estrogen and progesterone cause lipid peroxidation and as a consequence increase the level of oxidative stress. Aim: To compare the level of plasma Malone dialdehide in LD contraceptive pill and con...

We find a sufficient condition that H is not level based on a reduction number. In particular, we prove that a graded Artinian algebra of codimension 3 with Hilbert function H = (h0, h1, . . . , hd−1 > hd = hd+1) cannot be level if hd ≤ 2d + 3, and that there exists a level Osequence of codimension 3 of type H for hd ≥ 2d+k for k ≥ 4. Furthermore, we show that H is not level if β1,d+2(I ) = β2,...

Differences in vascular reactivity between isolated ultrafiltration (i-UF) and hemodialysis (UF + HD) have been attributed to various factors, including differences in core temperature (CT) and energy transfer (ET). However, the relative importance of these thermal factors is not known. The aim of this study was to elucidate to what extent differences in ET are responsible for the divergent vas...