In many laboratory experiments, different subjects in the same player role have different beliefs and play differently. To explore the impact of these heterogeneous beliefs, along with the idea that subjects use their information about other players’ payoffs, we define rationalizable partition-confirmed equilibrium (RPCE). We provide several examples to highlight the impact of heterogeneous bel...

We studied species coexistence in a protist community consisting of a bacterial resource, five protist consumers, and an intraguild predator, Blepharisma americanum. Spatial heterogeneity was manipulated by constructing spatial arrays of interlinked bottles. In the heterogeneous treatment species were permitted to disperse naturally between bottles whereas in the homogenous treatment half the w...

The unwelcome evolution of malignancy during cancer progression emerges through a selection process in a complex heterogeneous population structure. In the present work, we investigate evolutionary dynamics in a phenotypically heterogeneous population of stem cells (SCs) and their associated progenitors. The fate of a malignant mutation is determined not only by overall stem cell and non-stem c...

Current research in oncology aims at developing targeted therapies to treat the heterogeneous patient population. Successful development

1. The spatial pattern of tree species retains signatures of factors and processes such as dispersal, available resource patches for establishment, competition and demographics. Comparison of the spatial pattern of different size classes can thus help to reveal the importance and characteristics of the underlying processes. However, tree dynamics may be masked by large-scale heterogeneous site ...