INTRODUCTION The report of the existence of at-risk seronegative subjects, latently infected with HIV-1 and producing "in vitro" HIV-1 specific antibodies, prompted the authors to evaluate extensively twenty-five heterosexual HIV-1 seronegative women at high risk for HIV-1 infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS The capability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from such subjects to produce "in vi...

With the availability of direct acting antiviral treatment for Background: hepatitis C (HCV), HIV and HCV co-infected patients show comparable treatment responses to HCV-monoinfected patients. An 8-week course of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) is highly effective for the treatment of HCV genotype 1 infection in treatment-naïve mono-infected patients with HCV viral loads <6 million IU/ml. There...

Methods 106 patients were studied in 4 groups: 39 HIV/TB coinfected individuals (HIV+/TB+), 25 patients with HIV infection, 17 HIV-negative patients with active pulmonary TB (HIV-/TB+) and 25 healthy controls. Measures of T-cells and viral load were at baseline and after initiation of HAART and/or antitubercular therapy (4 and 12 weeks) for potential immune correlates of disease progression and...

How the human body reacts to exposure of HIV-1 is an important research goal. Frequently, HIV leads infection, but some individuals show natural resistance this infection; they are known as HIV-1-exposed seronegative (HESN). Others, although infected without antiretroviral therapy, control replication and progression AIDS; named controllers, maintaining low viral levels adequate count CD4 + T l...

BACKGROUND It has been proposed that initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) very soon after establishment of HIV infection may be beneficial by improving host control of HIV replication and delaying disease progression. METHODS People with documented HIV infection of less than 12 months' duration in Baltimore MD and seven Canadian sites were randomized to either a) observation and defer...

BACKGROUND Guidelines for antiretroviral treatment (cART) are published regularly, but there is little information regarding the effect of adherence to guidelines on patient outcomes. We assessed the effect of following the "when-to-start" and "what-to-start" guidelines, on treatment modifications, and on immunological and virological outcome at 12 months in a cohort of HIV-1 infected patients ...

BACKGROUND Annual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is considered a key strategy for HIV prevention for men who have sex with men (MSM). In Puerto Rico, HIV research has primarily focused on injection drug use, yet male-to-male sexual transmission has been increasing in recent years. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system collected in 2011 i...

HIV-infected African adults are at a considerably increased risk of life-threatening invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) which persists despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Defects in naturally acquired pneumococcal-specific T-cell immunity have been identified in HIV-infected adults. We have therefore determined the extent and nature of pneumococcal antigen-specific immune recovery following ...