Trees face the dilemma that achieving high plant productivity is accompanied by a risk of drought-induced hydraulic failure due to a trade-off in the trees' vascular system between hydraulic efficiency and safety. By investigating the xylem anatomy of branches and coarse roots, and measuring branch axial hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation in 4-year-old field-grown aspen plan...

This report has been prepared as a part of the Agreement on Research Participation and Technical Exchange under the International Code Application and Maintenance Program. KS-i Test 35-1 data on the behaviour of the heated rod temperatures in the partially uncovered VVER Core model were simulated with RELAP5/MOD3.2 to assess the code, especially its non equilibrium (unequal phase temperatures) ...

An important achievement is the invention and development of techniques for measurement of velocities in hydraulic engineering applications. Knowledge of the technological advances in digital cameras with high resolution and high speed are extremely useful to measure relevant predictive parameters in the environment. Here we present some advances in image processing techniques, these can be use...

The morphological control of the fracture has a great impact on the effectiveness of the hydraulic fracturing; the geostress difference between productive interval and barriers is one of controlling factors for the fracture height control. The propagation behavior of the hydraulic fracture was studied using the 3D physical simulation under conditions of the presence and absence of the interlami...

Hydraulic fracturing is an important method of reservoir stimulation in the exploitation of geothermal resources, and conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources. In this article, hydraulic fracturing experiments with shale, sandstone cores (from southern Sichuan Basin), and granite cores (from Inner Mongolia) were conducted to investigate the different hydraulic fracture extension pa...

First-order models are in common use for design of treatment wetlands. These are frequently based on input/output (I/O) data; less frequently, on internal longitudinal transect data. The presumption is often made that the parameters of these models, i.e. the rate constants, are true constants and do not depend on factors such as hydraulic loading rate and inlet concentration. Another common pre...

Hydraulic activity refers to a property most familiar when discussing hydraulic cement such as ordinary portland cement (OPC). ASTM C125-15a defines hydraulic cement as “a cement that sets and hardens by chemical reaction with water and is capable of doing so under water.” That is, hydraulic cements, including SCMs that have hydraulic properties, react with water to harden, and that hardening p...

The thermo-hydraulic behavior of the air flow over a two dimensional ribbed channel wasnumerically investigated in various rib-width ratio configurations (B/H=0.5-1.75) atdifferent Reynolds numbers, ranging from 6000 to 18000. The capability of differentturbulence models, including standard k-ε, RNG k-ε, standard k-ω, and SST k-ω, inpredicting the heat transfer rate was compared with the experi...

abstract many studies have been conducted on the characteristics of hydraulic jump over gradually expanding cross sections, but comparatively few have been carried out on basins with convergent wall. in the present research, the hydraulic jump characteristic of the stilling basin with convergent wall has been investigated. the main objective of this research is evaluation of conjugate depths ra...