Clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonographic findings in 91 consecutive children presenting with hypercalciuria were analyzed along with the results of treatment to determine the clinical profile of hypercalciuria and its outcome. Hypercalciuria was common in children aged 1-5 years (39.6%), and hematuria was the most frequent symptom. There was no significant difference between 24-hour urinary ...

Dent's disease is an X-linked inherited disorder characterized by hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, low molecular weight proteinuria, Fanconi's syndrome, and renal failure. It is caused by inactivating mutations in CLC5, a member of the CLC voltage-gated chloride channel family. CLC5 is known to be expressed in the endosomal compartment of the renal proximal tubule, where it ma...

Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is associated with recurrent stone formation, but the clinical phenotype is unclear because patients with other disorders may be incorrectly labeled MSK. We studied 12 patients with histologic findings pathognomonic of MSK. All patients had an endoscopically recognizable pattern of papillary malformation, which may be segmental or diffuse. Affected papillae are enl...

Hypercalcemia is a rare condition in childhood; the most common causes are primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, prolonged immobilisation, thyrotoxicosis, thiazide diuretic, supplements containing calcium, milk-alkali syndrome, vitamin D intoxication, infections and idiopathic. We present three cases of severe hypercalcemia of unusual causes in children. The first patient had high fever, poo...

Nephrolithiasis is a common health problem across the globe with a prevalence of 15%-20%. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most common cause of nephrolithiasis, and calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of stones in idiopathic hypercalciuric patients. Calcium phosphate stones are frequently associated with other diseases such as renal tubular acidosis type 1, urinary tract infections,...

An abnormal erythrocyte transmembrane oxalate flux was described in recurrent idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. To verify whether it might represent a risk marker of renal stone disease, two prospective studies were carried out. One hundred ninety patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis who were enrolled at their first episode of lithiasis during the period 1984 to 1986, form the bas...

prevalence of urolithiasis in childhood is increasing. the wide geographic variation in the incidence of lithiasis in childhood is related to climatic, dietary, and socioeconomic factors. many children with stone disease have a metabolic abnormality. in southeast asia, urinary calculi are endemic and are related to dietary factors. the main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of r...

kidney stone disease has become more common in children, but it remains non diagnosed in a significant proportion of patients, due to a lack of notable signs and symptoms. all children with colicky abdominal pain or microscopic hematuria should be examined thoroughly for urolithiasis. patients’ histories in terms of family, medical, and drug and a thorough physical examination are required to b...