Impedance of renal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured on microelectrodes was measured by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Changes in measured impedance as a function of frequency were compared with the calculated values obtained from an extended cell-electrode model to estimate the junctional resistance, distance between the ventral cell surface and the substratum, and apic...

Biological tissue impedance spectroscopy can provide rich physiological and pathological information by measuring the variation of the complex impedance of biological tissues under various frequencies of driven current. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) technique can measure the impedance spectroscopy of biological tissue in medical field. Before application, a key problem must be solved on...

Despite the existence of neural noise, which leads variability in motor commands, the central nervous system can effectively reduce movement variance at the end effector to meet task requirements. Although online correction based on feedback information is essential for reducing error, feedforward impedance control is another way to regulate motor variability. This Update Article reviews key st...

We design and discuss an impedance matching solution for a hybrid silicon mode-locked laser diode (MLLD) to improve peak optical power coming from the device. In order to develop an impedance matching solution, a thorough measurement and analysis of the MLLD as a function of bias on each of the laser segments was carried out. A passive component impedance matching network was designed at the op...

A general impedance synthesizer using a minimum number of switching converters is studied in this paper. We begin with showing that any impedance can be synthesized by a circuit consisting of only two simple power converters, one storage element (e.g. capacitor) and one dissipative element (e.g. resistor) or power source. The implementation of such a circuit for synthesizing any desired impedan...

Impedance measurements have been widely used with the Nyquist plot to estimate the stability of interconnected power systems. Being a black-box method for equivalent and aggregated impedance estimation, its use for the identification of sub-components bandwidth is not a straightforward task. This paper proposes a simple method that will enable to identify the specific part of the equivalent imp...

Digital waveguide (DW) modeling techniques are typically associated with a traveling-wave decomposition of wave variables and a “reflection function” approach to simulating acoustic systems. As well, it is often assumed that inputs and outputs to/from these systems must be formulated in terms of traveling-wave variables. In this paper, we provide a tutorial review of DW modeling of acoustic str...

In an oscillatory flow, the resistance to flow, more appropriately defined as the impedance to flow, is a function of oscillating frequency, which refers to the harmonic composition of the driving pressure wave. Flow in an elastic tube may be resisted in numerous ways such as the fluid viscosity, fluid inertia and tube elasticity. The concept of impedance arises in the dynamics of the Resistanc...

Electrical impedance measurements provide useful information about the characteristics of a Li-ion battery. The classical method of measurement consists in performing an impedance spectroscopy relying on offline records of the response of the battery to a controlled current or voltage test signal. This method is robust but presents an important drawback: it is very time consuming, especially fo...