Objective To assess how raising cigarette excise taxes in Peru might impact cigarette consumption, and to determine if higher taxes would be regressive. Methods Total demand price elasticity was estimated by income groups using two datasets: quarterly time-series data from 1993 - 2012 and data from a cross-sectional survey of income and expenses conducted in 2008 - 2009 . A functional form of...

A number of studies exist on the relationship between climatic factors and malaria prevalence. However, due to scarcity of data, most of the studies are based on biophysical experiments and do not control for socioeconomic covariates. This research, which uses data on Ghana, contributes to the thin literature that addresses this limitation. We found that humidity and rainfall predict malaria pr...

Child labor is regarded as an ambiguous and controversial challenge encountered in majority of countries across the world. Given the incidence and prevalence of this phenomenon in Iran and the importance of household health expenditures, this study was done to evaluate the impact of children’s entry into labor market on household health expenditures. This study was conducted on urban households...

trust, along with transparency, is an important indicator of a satisfactory relationship between a government and the public. considering transparency as the key to trust in government, the purpose of this paper is to postulate a link between transparency and trust taking into account satisfaction as a psychological factor. this paper tries to find the answer of these questions: “is there any s...

differing consumption patterns among individuals along with relative commodity price changes has made inflation effects differ from one person to another. on the other hand, inflation continues to be a general phenomenon in iranian economy. the impacts of price changes on rural poverty have been hereby investigated. for this, market price fluctuations in rural areas of fars province during the ...

In this paper, results of applying the subjective definition of poverty, introduced by Goedhart et al. (1977), in the U S . and the Netherlands are compared. This definition focuses on the monetary amounts which people consider necessary to make ends meet for their households as provided in response to the Minimum Income Question (MIQ). National data from both countries in the early 1980s are a...

While budgets for agri-environmental policy in OECD countries are rapidly increasing with current policy reforms, information about the locally varying demands for policies implemented at various levels of government remains scarce. In this study, a median voter framework is used to analyse the demand for landscape management services based on the expenditures of sub-federal governments for two...

We estimate the elasticity of charitable giving with respect to persistent and transitory price and income changes using a 1979–2006 panel of tax returns. Our estimation procedure allows for anticipation of and gradual adjustment to tax changes, controls for various potential sources of omitted variable bias via fi xed effects and income-class specifi c year dummies, and allows for a fl exible ...