Tonometry has been identified as a common method for measuring the intraocular pressure in patients. The direct contact between the tonometer and the eye may contribute to the risk of cross infection, especially of viral particles, from one patient to another. A systematic review was undertaken to address the likelihood of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus...

Dengue is the most important tropical mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by an arbovirus, the dengue virus. It should be noted that there are still other unusual modes of transmission of dengue infection. This paper summarizes those non vector-borne transmissions of dengue including vertical transmission, transfusion related transmission, transplantation related transmission, and needle-s...

In order to better control and prevent the infectious diseases, measures of vulnerability and risk to increased infectious disease outbreaks have been explored. Research investigating possible links between variations in climate and transmission of infectious diseases has led to a variety of predictive models for estimating the future impact of infectious disease under projected climate change....

Factors associated with the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases often do not follow the assumptions of traditional statistical models such as linearity and independence of outcomes. Transmission dynamics models are well suited to address infectious disease scenarios that do not conform to these assumptions. For example, these models easily account for changes in the incidence rate...

A growing body of documents shows that rising average global temperatures can be one of several causes of disease emergence and reemergence among human and animal populations. In this regard, climate mostly affects diseases caused by pathogens that spend part of their lifecycle outside of the host, exposed to the environment like water-borne diseases, food-borne pathogens, and vector-borne zoon...

Infectious diseases always go hand in with migration. Patterns of interaction and behavior the process during migration have consequences for disease transmission. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine literacy infectious prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers. This method uses descriptive a qualitative approach. The location determined purposively, namely at Technical Implementat...

conclusions: there are important deficits in adolescents’ knowledge about hbv that requires attention of health educators to tailor educational programs for specific groups. objectives: the aim of this study was to assess iranian adolescents’ knowledge about hepatitis b (hbv) and associated factors. patients and methods: we conducted a questionnaire-based national survey of 18-year-old adolesce...

Seasonality of infectious disease is an important factor in incidence, outbreaks, control and prevention. Many mathematical models that incorporate seasonality the transmission were formulated analyzed. In this essay a qualitative analysis given terms effective reproduction number R0, existence stability disease-free equilibrium endemic both SEIR model seasonal model. We perform numerical simul...

Recent outbreaks of infectious diseases in athletes in competitive sports have stimulated considerable interest. The environments in which these athletes compete, practice, receive therapy for injuries, and travel, both domestically and internationally, provide varied opportunities for the transmission of infectious organisms. The purpose of this medical literature review is to identify the age...