Writing about emotionally salient topics to influence a participant’s mood is a common experimental technique in emotion research. This study attempted to begin the biological characterization of this research paradigm. Thirtyeight participants were: 1) administered the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and asked to provide a saliva sample, 2) assigned to either an emotionally posit...

Abstract While many studies have investigated the effect of task complexity on L2 writing, little has been reported effects intended manipulations task-generated cognitive demands in writing. This study, therefore, was designed to examine relative and students’ Two argumentative writing tasks were manipulated with varying numbers elements reasoning be distinguished either as a simple or complex...

The purpose of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of raising Iranian learners’ pragmatic awareness of intercultural rhetoric in enhancing their L2 writing ability, complexity, and accuracy. To this end, two 25-member groups of EFL learners who were taking Basic Writing course at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch, were selected based on their performance on a language prof...

the implicit rhetorical features of academic writing which has so far eluded a comprehensive systematic characterization have made teaching it a challenging task for a large group of practitioners in academic setting. one such feature of academic writing susceptible to cultural mentalities is metadiscourse marking, which is supposed to be one of the important rhetorical aspects in the writing p...

Accomplishing a communication task in the real world requires ability not only to do per se but also manage aspects of context which it occurs. For this reason, simulations target language use contexts have been incorporated into design communicative tests as way enhancing authenticity assessment performance. Although some contextual factors may increase extraneous cognitive load and distract l...

The main features of quantum mechanics reside in interference deriving from the superposition of different quantum states. While current quantum optical technology enables two-photon interference both in bulk and integrated systems, simultaneous interference of more than two particles, leading to richer quantum phenomena, is still a challenging task. Here we report the experimental observation ...