Rating scales for outcome variables produce categorical data which are often ordered and measurements from rating scales are not standardized. The purpose of this study is to apply commonly used and novel methods for paired ordered categorical data to two data sets with different properties and to compare the results and the conditions for use of these models. The two applications consist of a ...

Sediment Profile Imagery is a pollution monitoring technique that is widely used to evaluate whether the marine sediments provide the suitable habitat for benthic fauna. Currently, the SPI data is interpreted by human operators and as a consequence the results are inherently affected by intra and inter observer variability. SPI Analyser is a novel software environment that has been specially de...

In recent years, the number of organizations connected to thie Internet has grown, resulting in an increasingly diverse set of connected users. As a result, network managers have growing concerns about the security and control of network resources. This concern has led protocol engineers to design routing protocols, such as Inter-Domain Policy Routing (IDPR), that include policy restrictions. T...

Recent work has presented theoretical frameworks that rigorously model the behavior of path-vector protocols [6, 7, 13], which are primarily used for inter-domain routing on the Internet. We expand the scope of these to include protocols with route-selection procedures that cannot be captured by a per-node linear order on paths; in particular, our generalized model captures the use of commonly ...

This study addresses the high stakes nature of teacher performance assessments and consequential outcomes of passing versus failing based on decisions of those who subjectively score them. Specifically, this study examines the inter-rater reliability of an emerging national model, the Performance Assessment for California Teachers (PACT). Current reports on the inter-rater reliability of PACT u...

This paper investigates inter-industry wage differentials in Ireland, taking advantage of access to a dataset that is uniquely suitable for this purpose, the 1996 Structure of Earnings Survey. This allows us to measure not simply overall differentials in the average wage across sectors, but also the extent to which these are associated with a range of employee, job, employer and sectoral charac...