The study of the relationships between innovation and the competitiveness of industries is an important topic for both, academic research and economic policy. The huge economics literature flourished in the last couple of decades on the subject broadly falls into two distinct research traditions, namely themainstreamR&D spillovers approach and the evolutionary economics view. Both traditions ag...

Innovation has become one of the most important issues in modern knowledge society. As opposed to radical innovation this paper introduces the concept of Emergent Innovation: this approach tries to balance and integrate the demand both for radically new knowledge and at the same time for an organic development from within the organization. From a more general perspective one can boil down this ...

The Innovation Mill (IM) is an initiative which has been established in collaboration mainly among Nokia Corporation, Technopolis, and Tekes. Nokia Corporation provides its non-core ideas to other existing and start-ups companies through IM to turn these ideas into valuable products and services. Nokia idea database consists of enormous number of ideas that are non-core to it. Companies earn gr...

I develop a dynamic innovation model with three important features: (a) asymmetry between large and small firms (“giants” and “midgets”); (b) technology transfer by acquisition; and (c) the distinction between gradual innovation (i.e., within a certain “paradigm”) and disruptive innovation (i.e., that which induces a new paradigm). I provide conditions such that (a) greater asymmetry between gi...

This paper outlines a framework for the study of innovation that treats discoveries as additions to evolving networks. As inventions enter they expand or limit the reach of the ideas they build on by influencing how successive discoveries use those ideas. The approach is grounded in novel measures of the extent to which an innovation amplifies or disrupts the status quo. Those measures index th...

This article examines the question of innovation in a particular group of services, namely ‘assembled’ services, such as hotels, retailing and distribution, hospitals, theme parks, etc. These are complex services produced by combining a variable number of other constituent services. Drawing on findings from the economics of services and the economics of innovation, we begin by developing a simp...

RÉSUMÉ Il existe un grand nombre de modèles de recherche d'information chacun ayant pour but de répondre au mieux aux attentes des utilisateurs. Le modèle que nous proposons se base sur une formulation précise de la requête reflétant le besoin de l’utilisateur : Chaque terme de la requête est augmenté par deux critères, l’un exprimant l’obligation ou non de l’apparition du terme dans les docume...

We have extracted a ball from an urn which contains n− 1 black balls and one white ball. A witness to the drawing announces that the extracted ball is white; we demand the probability of this exit. If the number n is very great, that which renders extraordinary the exit of the white ball, the probability of the error or of the falsehood of the witness becomes quite near to certitude, that which...