We show that a recently proposed model generates accurate commuting networks on 80 case studies from different regions of the world (Europe and United-States) at different scales (e.g. municipalities, counties, regions). The model takes as input the number of commuters coming in and out of each geographic unit and generates the matrix of commuting flows between the units. The single parameter o...

Commuting conversions were introduced in the natural deduction calculus as ad hoc devices for the purpose of guaranteeing the subformula property in normal proofs. In a well known book, Jean-Yves Girard commented harshly on these conversions, saying that ‘one tends to think that natural deduction should be modified to correct such atrocities.’ We present an embedding of the intuitionistic predi...

In this paper we discuss some partial solutions of the length conjecture which describes the length of a generating system for matrix algebras. We consider mainly the algebras generated by two matrices which are quasi-commuting. It is shown that in this case the length function is linearly bounded. We also analyze which particular natural numbers can be realized as the lengths of certain specia...

BACKGROUND Bicycle commuting in an urban environment of high air pollution is known to be a potential health risk, especially for susceptible individuals. While risk management strategies aimed to reduce exposure to motorised traffic emissions have been suggested, only limited studies have assessed the utility of such strategies in real-world circumstances. OBJECTIVES The potential to lower e...

Previous research has shown that households are sensitive to commuting distance. In particular, households beyond a threshold distance move closer to the job when they change residence. The questions which motivate this paper are-how does race affect the probability of moving closer to the job when households change residence, and is there a trade off between commuting distance and neighborhood...

In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution of US employment and earnings against an urban wage-efficiency background, where leisure and effort at work are complementary. Using data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) for the period 2003-2014, we analyze the spatial distribution of employment across metropolitan areas. We also empirically study the relationship between individual ea...

We discuss the concept of what we refer to as semi-commuting linear differential operators. Such operators hold commuting operators as a special case. In particular, we discuss a heuristic by which one may construct such operators. Restricting to the case in which one such operator is of degree two, we construct families of linear differential operators semi-commuting with some named operators ...

OBJECTIVES Promoting active commuting is viewed as one strategy to increase physical activity and improve the energy balance of more sedentary individuals thereby improving health outcomes. However, the potential effectiveness of promotion policies may be seriously undermined by the endogenous choice of commute mode. Policy to promote active commuting will be most effective if it can be demonst...

In this paper, we study properties of extended commuting operators. particular, provide the polar decomposition product (?,?)-commuting operators where ? and are real numbers with ?? > 0. Furthermore, find restriction for quasihyponormal to be quasihyponormal. We also give spectral local relations between ?-commuting Moreover, show that a unilateral shift representable as weighted composition