purpose : ophthalmoplegia makes many physicians to refer the patients to neurologists and/or ophthalmologists for neuro-ophthalmic evaluation. ophthalmoplegia has different etiologies some of which may be very harmful and need urgent intervention. prevalence of the disease is not obvious. this study is designed to evaluate the various etiologies and their prevalence in this disorder. methods : ...

Ophthalmoplegia is defined as a consequence of multiple cranial nerve paralysis innervated the extraocular muscles. The impairment ophthalmic branch trigeminal will create painful condition. Numerous underlying mechanism have been proposed related to ophthalmoplegia and carotid-cavernous fistula one main causes with sight life threatening outcome if left untreated. Carotid-cavernous arises an a...

BACKGROUND Anti-GQ1b antibody has been found in Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with ophthalmoplegia, Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE), and acute ophthalmoplegia without ataxia (AO). The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features of AO associated with anti-GQ1b antibody. METHODS We retrospectively collected 34 patients with anti-GQ1b antibody ...

The site of lesions responsible for horizontal gaze palsy and various types of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) was established by identifying the common areas where the abnormal MRI signals from patients with a given ocular-motor disorder overlapped. Patients with unilateral gaze palsy had lesions in the paramedian area of the pons, including the abducens nucleus, the lateral part of the nuc...

In the heterothallic Euascomycete Podospora anserina, fertilization is followed by mitotic divisions of parental nuclei, resulting in a plurinucleate stage. Nuclei of opposite mating type then recognize one another and form dikaryons which undergo karyogamy and meioisis. The internuclear recognition is a characteristic feature of the sexual cycle of filamentous Euascomycetes and is controlled b...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Complete ophthalmoplegia, the combination of bilateral ptosis with loss of all extraocular movements, is rarely a consequence of ischemic stroke. We describe 3 patients who had complete ophthalmoplegia as a manifestation of bilateral paramedian midbrain-thalamic infarction, and we discuss possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. Summary of Cases- Three patients presented wit...