Transverse myelitis (TM) extending from midbrain to the entire spinal cord accompanied by internuclear ophthalmoplegia is extremely rare but cause serious central nervous system complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We report a case of a 28-yr-old woman with TM extending from the midbrain to the conus medullaris longitudinally and internuclear ophthalmoplegia associated w...

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a remarkable finding, particularly in patients victims of head injury. The medial longitudinal fasciculus, which is believed to be lesioned in cases of internuclear ophthalmoplegia, has an unique brain stem position and the mechanism involved in brain stem contusions implies a maximal intensity of shearing forces on the skull base. We describe a very rare associa...

Medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion; Internuclear ophthalmoplegia; Horizontal gaze abnormality; Multiple sclerosis Abstract Introduction: Lesions in medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) produce internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) with characteristic horizontal gaze abnormality. Here, the author reports a rare clinical spectrum of internuclear ophthalmoplegia called Cogan’s anterior internuclea...

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a syndrome that develops due to a lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. This lesion is mostly caused by multiple sclerosis (usually bilaterally), and only rarely by head injury. A case is presented of unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia as an isolated sequel of minor head trauma, which eventually resolved. A 40-year-old woman with isolated internuclea...

guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) or acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis is an acquired immune-mediated inflammatory and mainly demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nervous system. cranial nerves are affected in over 50% of all cases, with the facial nerves being affected the most. it uncommonly presents as atypical forms such as brachial pharyngeal variant, miller fisher and other restricted...