Individuals’ beliefs regarding their own and others’ present bias are pivotal to understanding interactions between multiple present-biased individuals. While several studies document individuals’ näıveté about their own present bias, beliefs regarding others remain unexplored. This paper investigates beliefs about one’s own and others’ present bias within a unified experimental setting, both i...

BACKGROUND Meta-analysis of continuous outcomes traditionally uses mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD; mean difference in pooled standard deviation (SD) units). We recently used an alternative ratio of mean values (RoM) method, calculating RoM for each study and estimating its variance by the delta method. SMD and RoM allow pooling of outcomes expressed in different units...

Cognitive distortions refer to cognitive processes that are biased and therefore yield dysfunctional and maladaptive products (e.g., interpretation bias). Automatic aspects of information processing need to be considered and investigating these aspects requires forms of assessment other than self-report. Studies focussing on the specificity of cognitive biases across different types of anxiety ...

1 ffA, Generator Studios, Trafalgar Street, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 2LA, UK. * Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Interpretation of geological features in seismic data is a subjective process, relying on one’s visual perception and experience built up over several years. Based on these human factors, financial decisions are made that may have serious consequences...

Claims that molecular markers can accurately diagnose cancer have recently been disputed; some prominent results have not been reproduced and bias has been proposed to explain the original observations. As new '-omics' fields are explored to assess molecular markers for cancer, bias will increasingly be recognized as the most important 'threat to validity' that must be addressed in the design, ...

Theories of interface trap generation in Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) mechanisms are unified under the geometric interpretation and computational modeling of Reaction-Diffusion (R-D) theoryframework. Analytical derivations that predict the degradation are shown, simulation methodology is explained and numerical solutions are obtained. Time-exponen...

Image bias is a usual phenomenon in MR imaging when using surface coils. It complicates the interpretation as well as the algorithmic postprocessing of such data. We introduce a bias correction algorithm based on homomorphic unsharp masking (HUM) that is applicable on a broad range of image types (as long as foreand background is separable), simple, fast and requires only minimal user interacti...

The reliability of published research findings in psychology has been a topic of rising concern. Publication bias, or treating positive findings differently from negative findings, is a contributing factor to this "crisis of confidence," in that it likely inflates the number of false-positive effects in the literature. We demonstrate a Bayesian model averaging approach that takes into account t...