As obligatory intracellular pathogens, viruses exploit various cellular molecules and structures, such as cellular membranes, for their propagation. Enveloped viruses acquire lipid membranes as their outer coat through interactions with cellular membranes during morphogenesis within, and egress from, infected cells. In contrast, non-enveloped viruses typically exit cells by cell lysis, and lipi...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed structures produced by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. EVs carry range biological cargoes, including RNA, protein, lipids, which may have both metabolic significance signalling potential. EV release has been suggested to play critical role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis eliminating unnecessary material from ...

Octyl methoxycinnamate is one of the ingredients in sunscreen products. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different enhancers of in vitro skin permeability of Octyl methoxycinnamate. Octyl methoxycinnamate permeability parameters were evaluated through the whole skin of the rat with and without chemical enhancers including eucalyptus oil, urea, menthol and olive ...

Laminar shear stress generated by blood flow stimulates endothelial cells and activates signal transduction, which plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. Several lines of evidence indicate that membrane intracellular lipids are involved the transduction biomechanical stresses. In this study, we performed global profiling cellular from human pulmonary artery (HPAEC) exposed to laminar ...

The hydrogen isotope (2H/1H) ratio of lipids from phytoplankton is a powerful new tool for reconstructing hydroclimate variations in the geologic past from marine and lacustrine sediments. Water 2H/1H changes are reflected in lipid 2H/1H changes with R2 > 0.99, and salinity variations have been shown to cause about a 1‰ change in lipid δ2H values per unit (ppt) change in salinity. Less understo...

Oxidative stress Oxidative stress can be defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body that disrupts its ability to detoxify reactive intermediates, or to repair the damage to organ and cellular systems that can be caused by ROS. Intracellular redox balance (the dynamic balance between oxidizing and reducing species within cells) is closely coupled ...

The oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been implicated as a pro-atherogenic process in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Macrophages rapidly take up oxidized LDL via scavenger-receptor-mediated pathways and thereby develop into lipid-laden foam cells. The uptake mechanism has been studied extensively and several types of scavenger receptors have been identified. In c...

PlyC, a bacteriophage-encoded endolysin, lyses Streptococcus pyogenes (Spy) on contact. Here, we demonstrate that PlyC is a potent agent for controlling intracellular Spy that often underlies refractory infections. We show that the PlyC holoenzyme, mediated by its PlyCB subunit, crosses epithelial cell membranes and clears intracellular Spy in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative studies using...

Intracellular viscosity is a crucial parameter that indicates the functioning of cells. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of TPE-Cy, a cell-permeable dye with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property, in mapping the viscosity inside live cells. Owing to the AIE characteristics, both the fluorescence intensity and lifetime of this dye are increased along with an increase in viscosity. ...