A high-quality mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectrum of 2-chloropropene, 2-C3H5Cl, is reported. Its ionization energy determined for the first time from the 0-0 band position was 9.5395+/-0.0006 eV. Almost all the peaks in the MATI spectrum could be vibrationally assigned utilizing the frequencies calculated at the B3LYP6-311++G(3df,3pd) level and the Franck-Condon factors calculat...

A time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) developed in our laboratory at Isfahan University of Technology is described here. The TOF-MS instrument uses laser as the ionization source which provides an opportunity to investigate the ions formed in laser ablation or desorption. The TOF-MS has an ionization chamber containing an accelerator and an ion lens to focus the ions into a one meter line...

Within the framework of model nonlocal thermoelastic peak low-energy ion, formation intrinsic stress in a carbon coating deposited from vacuum arc plasma argon atmosphere is theoretically studied. It shown that flow particles bombarding contains, along with C+ ions, also Ar+ ions involved coating. The flux density resulting ionization losses passing through proportional to both and (pressure) a...

Properties of Microwaves Microwaves are electromagnetic waves which fail in the frequency range of approximately 30-300,000 MHz. The location of the microwave band in the electromagnetic spectrum is shown in Fig. 1. From the relation X = c/l), (where X is the wavelength of the radiation, c is the speed of light, and is the frequency) the range of the wavelength of the radiation in free space is...

We have investigated the S0 → S1 UV vibronic spectrum and time-resolved S1 state dynamics of jet-cooled amino-keto 1-methylcytosine (1MCyt) using two-color resonant two-photon ionization, UV/UV holeburning and depletion spectroscopies, as well as nanosecond and picosecond time-resolved pump/delayed ionization measurements. The experimental study is complemented with spin-component-scaled second...

An improved multivalley hydrodynamic model (HDM) including realistic band structure effects and impact ionization is developed. Unlike the recently-proposed HDM by Thoma et al [1] for nonparabolic band structures, our model minimizes the number of relaxation times and includes impact ionization. Furthermore, the intervalley transitions of hot carriers are considered. Also, the momentum relaxati...

Generally the gas metallicity in distant galaxies can only be inferred by using a few prominent emission lines. Various theoretical models have been used to predict the relationship between emission line fluxes and metallicity, suggesting that some line ratios can be used as diagnostics of the gas metallicity in galaxies. However, accurate empirical calibrations of these emission line flux rati...

Chitosan is a linear cationic biopolymer composed of glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine that is only soluble in acidic aqueous solutions and precipitates when neutralized. However, it was recently discovered that chitosan dissolved in solutions containing glycerol phosphate was soluble at near neutral pH and produced a sol-gel transition when heated. Understanding this unique thermogelling sy...

In 1953, the International Commission on Radiological Units recommended [1] the continued use of the roentgen up to 3 Mev for the measurement of Xand gamma-ray dose. The physical requirements of standard ionization chambers for measuring roentgens in the X-ray region up to 250 lev have already been reported [2,3,4]. The calibration of secondary instruments in at least two laboratories also seem...