BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) cause toxicological renal effects, but the clinical relevance at low-level exposures in general populations is unclear. The objective of this study is to assess the risk of developing end-stage renal disease in relation to Cd, Pb, and Hg exposure. METHODS A total of 118 cases who later in life developed end-stage renal disease, and 378 matc...

The migration tests of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from paint film on baby toys set out in the Japanese Food Sanitation Law (official standard) and International Standard 8124-3 (ISO) were compared. Vinyl chloride resin enamel and acrylic resin enamel containing 1,000 mg/kg Cd and Pb on a dried basis were painted on glass plates and then dried. According to the official standard, the paint films...

Sequential extraction analysis was used to characterize the geochemical partitioning of Pb in roadside soils of the Detroit, MI area. Four soil profiles (10, 30, 60, and 100 m from road) were sampled at 15-cm intervals to a depth of 75 cm at each of five locations along an urban-rural transect. The observed concentrations increase with increasing traffic volume and proximity to the highway, ind...

It is well know that exposure to lead causes disorders of porphyrin metabolism such as elevation of ƒÂ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coproporphyrin (CP) in urine, accumulation of protoporphyrin (PROTO) in erythrocytes, and inhibition of erythrocyte ƒÂ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity.') In addition, it has been reported that inorganic tin (II) also inhibits erythrocyte ALAD activ...

The thermal behavior of heavy metals in the co-incineration of municipal solid waste-sludge incinerator fly ash (MSS fly ash) was studied using a laboratory-scale tube furnace. The results indicate that without the addition of chlorinating agents, temperature was an important parameter and had significantly influenced on heavy metal removal, whereas the residence time had a weak effect. Between...

A new carboxylic acid extractant, named 2-(dibutylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid, is prepared and its potential for selective solvent extraction and recovery of lead ions from industrial samples was investigated. The slope analysis indicated that the lead ions are extracted by formation of 1:2 metal to ligand complexes. The effect of the parameters influencing the extraction efficiency including kind o...

The effect of cobalt on the total proteins, protease activity, free amino acids, alanine amino transferase (ALAT) activity and aspartate amino transferase (AAT) activity were studied. The increase of total protein content in silk gland may be either due to increased efflux or decreased proteolysis activity which might lead to accumulation of protein content. The decrease of protease activity le...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of lead and zinc administration on the quality of semen of albino rats. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from August 2003 to December 2005. METHODOLOGY Sixty adult albino rats selected for the study were divided into three groups, group A received i...

Chloride channels are involved in a multitude of physiologic processes ranging from basal cellular functions such as cell volume regulation and acidification of intracellular vesicles to more specialized mechanisms such as vectorial transepithelial transport and regulation of cellular excitability. This plethora of functions is accomplished by numerous functionally highly diverse chloride chann...

The cis-trans chloride isomerization of a ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst is studied using quantum mechanics (B3LYP DFT), including the Poisson-Boltzmann (PBF) continuum approximation. The predicted geometries agree with experiment. The energies in methylene chloride, lead to DeltaG = -0.70 kcal/mol and a cis:trans ratio of 76:24, quite close to the experimental value of DeltaG = -0.78 kca...