Recent conceptualizations of language learning motivation have highlighted its dynamic and contextual nature. Yet the role L2 context in shaping remains under-explored. This study adopts an agency perspective to examine emerging motivational orientations across diverse medium instruction settings. The present reports findings from a survey 3854 secondary-school English learners three types inst...

Over half of a century, second language (L2) psychological factors have been heatedly investigated by L2 practitioners and computer assisted learning (CALL) researchers who devote their continuous efforts to gain some comprehensive understandings what learner-external internal may contribute successful outcomes (Li, Meng, Tian, Zhang, & Xiao, 2021). For the factors, contextual settings (out...