UNLABELLED Over one-quarter of the world's population relies on fuel-based lighting. Kerosene lamps are often located in close proximity to users, potentially increasing the risk for respiratory illnesses and lung cancer. Particulate matter concentrations resulting from cook stoves have been extensively studied in the literature. However, characterization of particulate concentrations from fuel...

As the global population urbanizes, dramatic changes are expected in city lighting and the urban form, which may threaten the functioning of urban ecosystems and the services they deliver. However, little is known about the ecological impact of lighting in different urban contexts. Movement is an important ecological process that can be disrupted by artificial lighting. We explored the impact o...

Behavioural models derived from on-going field studies can provide the basis for predicting personal action taken to adjust lighting levels, remedy direct glare, and save energy in response to physical conditions. Enabling these behavioural models in advanced lighting simulation programs, such as DAYSIM and the Lightswitch Wizard, allows for a more realistic estimate of lighting use under dynam...

This paper presents visibility distances from twenty people who have viewed six internally illuminated elements of emergency lighting systems or wayguidance systems, under different ambient lighting, in smoke. The optical density of the smoke ranges from 0.8 m to 1.4 m. The six elements investigated are four emergency exit signs with graphical symbol formats and two types of exit door markings....

The United States Postal Service (USPS) has made numerous efforts to improve the lighting quality and efficiency in their facilities. These efforts have included both traditional retrofits such as the transition to T8 lamps/electronic ballasts and more experimental approaches such as light pipes and sulfur lamps. However, these efforts have focused primarily on their industrial and plant facili...

In Part I of this article, we considered the technology and economics of alternative lighting systems, both electric and fuel based, demonstrating that there are ample and cost-effective opportunities for energy savings. In this second and final part, we consider some of the barriers that hinder the implementation of energy-efficient lighting. These barriers may be overcome by measures such as ...

Individuals tend to perceive the direction of light to come from above and slightly from the left; it has been speculated that this phenomenon is also producing similar lighting preferences within 2-dimensional artworks (e.g., paintings, advertisements). The purpose of the present study was to address if lighting bias was present in the 3-dimensional medium of sculpture by implementing a virtua...

Technological advances in mobile devices have made them attractive for many previously infeasible image synthesis applications. Mobile users may roam between a wide range of environmental lighting including dim theaters, lit offices, and sunlight. Viewing images in diverse lighting situations poses a challenge: while our eyes can adapt to environmental lighting, changes in lighting can affect t...

Dancers express their feelings and moods through gestures and body movements. We seek to extend this mode of expression by dynamically and automatically adjusting music and lighting in the dance environment to reflect the dancer’s arousal state. Our intention is to offer a space that performance artists can use as a creative tool that extends the grammar of dance. To enable the dynamic manipula...

A simulation algorithm is proposed that predicts the lighting energy performance of manually and automatically controlled electric lighting and blind systems in private and two-person offices. Algorithm inputs are annual profiles of user occupancy and work plane illuminances. These two inputs are combined with probabilistic switching patterns, which have been derived from field data, in order t...