electrode has been investigated as the electrode substrate for deposition of a thin membrane ion gating polymer called polypyrrole (PPy). The PPy membrane was successfully deposited and its surface morphology studied using scanning electron microscopy. Given the properties of the bucky gel electrode and its ability to conduct ions, this work establishes the first step towards a semi-solid ion-g...

Diureidocalix[4]arene have been applied as new ionophore in liquid membrane electrode (ISE) sensitive towards un-dissociated benzoic acid. The electrode demonstrated response towards benzoic acid with the detection limit 2.0 x 10 M which is sufficient for the determination of benzoic acid added to beverages as preservative in milimolar concentration. The selectivity coefficients measured by the...

Current rechargeable batteries generally display limited cycle life and slow electrode kinetics and contain environmentally unfriendly components. Furthermore, their operation depends on the redox reactions of metal elements. We present an original battery system that depends on the redox of I(-)/I3 (-) couple in liquid cathode and the reversible enolization in polyimide anode, accompanied by L...

We present an improved Na+-selective liquid membrane electrode for measurement of Na+ concentrations in both undiluted serum and urine. The values for urinary Na+ obtained with the ion-selective electrode agree well with those obtained with the flame photometer. The correlation gives a standard residual deviation of +/- 2.7 mmol/L over the Na+ range of 25-280 mmol/L. In serum, this direct poten...

This paper develops mathematical models for a proposed production logging tool, which uses capacitance sensors to measure liquid annulus thickness and liquid type for a primarily gas-carrying wellbore. A semi-analytical method is devised which uses Fourier analysis to account for the complicated system geometry and reduces the problem to singular integral equations over a sensor electrode. Appr...

A new liquid crystal lens design is proposed to improve the recovery time with a ring-and-pie electrode pattern through a suitable driving scheme and using dual-frequency liquid crystals (DFLC) MLC-2048. Compared with the conventional single hole-type liquid crystal lens, this new structure of the DFLC lens is composed of only two ITO glasses, one of which is designed with the ring-and-pie patt...

The use of Pt-based cathode catalyst materials hinders the widespread application anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Herein, we present a non-precious metal (NPMC) material based on pyrolysed Fe and Co co-doped electrospun carbon nanofibres (CNFs). prepared are studied as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) evolution (OER) catalysts in alkaline acidic environments. High activity towards O...

We investigate the electrical behavior of a symmetric liquid crystal (LC) cell: elecrode-silane-LC-silane-electrode. The silane (chlorodimethyloctadecyl-silane) layer induces a homeotropic orientation of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) molecules. The wettability technique is used to detect the change of the surface energy of the electrode upon cleaning and silane layer deposition. We report on...

A newly patterned electrode is designed for a dielectric liquid lens. The electrode has a radial interdigitated structure which can provide a symmetrical-nonuniform fringing field. This electric field can effectively deform the shape of a dielectric liquid droplet in radial direction, causing the focal length of the liquid droplet to change. For a lens using glycerol as the droplet and optical ...