Article history: Received 11 August 2010 Received in revised form 21 April 2011 Accepted 27 June 2011 Available online 13 July 2011

T o avoid inventory risks, manufacturers often place rush orders with suppliers only after they receive firm orders from their customers (retailers). Rush orders are costly to both parties because the supplier incurs higher production costs. We consider a situation where the supplier’s production cost is reduced if the manufacturer can place some of its order in advance. In addition to the rush...

Managing supply chains in today’s complex, dynamic, and uncertain environment is one of the key challenges affecting the success of the businesses. One of the crucial determinants of effective supply chain management is the ability to recognize customer demand patterns and react accordingly to the changes in face of intense competition. Thus the ability to adequately predict demand by the parti...

This study deals with the effects of a supply chain (SC) with single product, multiple retailers and a manufacturer, where the manufacturer(he) produces lotsize of the product that contains a random portion of imperfect quality item. The imperfect quality products are sold in a secondary shop. The new contribution of this paper is a new non-linear demand function. Demand of the end customers va...

The concept of “green supply chain” puts forward new requirements for the recycling management waste products. electronic products are taken as research object, and a two-stage closed-loop chain composed manufacturer, retailer, consumers is considered in this paper. By constructing Stackelberg game model, pricing strategy profit distribution under different decision modes considering asymmetric...

It is common that when a stock out occurs at a retailer the customer may go to another retailer. This phenomenon is often referred to as the customer market search. This paper analyzes the one manufacturer two retailer supply chain while considering the customer market search behavior. Game theoretic models are built to investigate the implications of this phenomenon in scenarios where wholesal...

Under the background of low-carbon economy, cross-shareholding is introduced into closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) composed a manufacturer and retailer, centralized three decentralized decision-making models with different channel power structures are constructed. The recovery, emission reduction, pricing decisions CLSC studied, two-part-tariff contract proposed to coordinate CLSC. results indic...

The main purpose of this paper is to study the inventory, production, and contracting decisions of a multi-echelon supply chain with both demand and supply uncertainty. We find that the commonly used wholesale price contracts used by both up-stream and downstream supply-chain members cannot coordinate the system. We then propose a returns policy used by the manufacturer and the retailer, combin...

The conflict between the manufacturer and the retailer except the double marginalization is an important issue in order to coordinate the dual-channel supply chain. In the general case of the non-linear stochastic demand which also is affected by the sales effort of the retailer, this paper designs a new buy-back contract to coordinate the dual-channel supply chain. On the base of developing th...

A widely accepted performance measures in supply chain management practice, frequency-based service levels such as fill rate and stockout rate are often considered in supply contracts under vendor-managedinventory (VMI) programs. Using a decentralized two-party capacitated supply chain model consisting of one manufacturer and one supplier in a VMI environment, we demonstrate that supplier’s ser...