The structural organization of biological tissues and cells often produces anisotropic transport properties. These tissues may also undergo large deformations under normal function, potentially inducing further anisotropy. A general framework for formulating constitutive relations for anisotropic transport properties under finite deformation is lacking in the literature. This study presents an ...

In this work, a three-dimensional model for bone remodeling is presented, taking into account the hierarchical structure of bone. The process of bone tissue adaptation is mathematically described with respect to functional demands, both mechanical and biological, to obtain the bone apparent density distribution (at the macroscale) and the trabecular structure (at the microscale). At global scal...

Abstract. In an ongoing quest to realize lighter vehicles with improved fuel efficiency, deformation characteristics of the material AA 6016 is investigated. In the first part of this study, material behavior of Al–Mg–Si sheet alloy is investigated under different process (temperature and strain rate) and loading (uniaxial and biaxial) conditions experimentally. Later, warm cylindrical cup deep...

Measurements of seismic anisotropy constitute a very important tool for examining patterns of flow and mineral properties in the Earth’s mantle. A popular strategy for gaining insight into upper mantle processes is to examine the splitting of SK(K)S phases and interpret them in terms of upper mantle anisotropy and deformation; in such studies, any contribution to splitting from anisotropy in th...

The aim of (passive) cloaking with respect to electromagnetic (or acoustic) sensing is to surround a region of space with a material layer – the cloak – that renders its contents and even the existence of the layer undetectable by such measurements. At least theoretically this can be achieved using the coordinate invariance of the underlying wave equation, through so-called cloaking by mapping....

In ferromagnets with a nonuniform magnetocrystalline and/or magnetoelastic anisotropy, such as nanocrystalline ~nc-! or cold-worked ~cw-! polycrystalline materials, the static magnetic microstructure gives rise to strong elastic magnetic small-angle neutron scattering ~SANS!. The paper explores a method for analyzing field-dependent SANS data from such materials in terms of a model based on the...

The dependence of the Co anisotropy constants on the measurement temperature, deposition conditions, and underlayer materials was studied using unicrystal Co~101̄0!/Cr ~or NiAl!~112!/ Ag~110! films sputter deposited on hydrofluoric acid etched Si~110! substrates. The single, in-plane easy axis orientation in these films allows the direct determination of the anisotropy constants. The anisotropy ...

Cohesive-frictional soils are widely used in the construction of embankment structures and due to the method of construction, i.e. applying compactive efforts in the vertical direction in these cases, the occurrence of anisotropy in the soil strength and permeability seems to be inevitable. In this study, attempts have been made to evaluate the shear strength of c-f soils through modifying a l...