current mainstay of treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients is highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) but little is known about the long-term clinical outcome for hiv-infected patients who have received haart. determining factors associated with longterm survival in the course of treatment may allow modification to be made for patients who are at a greater risk ...

This paper deals with the transient analysis of K-out-of-N: G system consisting of Noperatingmachines. To improve system reliability, Y cold standby and S warm standbys spares areprovided to replace the failed machines. The machines are assumed to fail in multiple modes. At leastK-out-of-N machines for smooth functioning of the system. Reliability and mean time to failure areestablished in term...

In many cases, redundant systems are beset by both independent and dependent failures. Ignoring dependent variables in MTBF evaluation of redundant systems hastens the occurrence of failure, causing it to take place before the expected time, hence decreasing safety and creating irreversible damages. Common cause failure (CCF) and cascading failure are two varieties of dependent failures, both l...

In the near future, di€erent database sites will be interconnected via gigabit networks, forming a very powerful distributed database system. In such an environment, the propagation latency will be the dominant component of the overall communication cost while the migration of large amounts of data will not pose a problem. Furthermore, computer systems are expected to become even more reliable ...

This paper presents a software based approach to fault-tolerant routing in networks using wormhole or virtual cut-through switching. When a message encounters a faulty output link, it is removed from the network by the local router and delivered to the messaging layer of the local node’s operating system. The message passing software can re-route this message, possibly along non-minimal paths. ...