Accreditation Statement This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint providership of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) and EyeWorld. ASCRS is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. ...

A robust fluorescence correlation spectroscopy system called fiber-optic based (FB-FCS) was developed; this enables the measurement of diffusion dynamics and concentration fluorescent molecules on principle without any mechanical adjustment experimental setup. The consisted fiber optics a water-immersion objective lens. hydrodynamic diameters concentrations organic dyes fluorescently labeled pr...

Paraxial optics is sometimes known as the Gaussian optics. It is the simplest framework where optical systems are described. A great variety of textbooks in optics include specific chapters to the paraxial approximation of the geometrical optics. Other textbooks focused in geometrical optics propose that the paraxial treatment should be included as part of the first approach to the subject. The...

One of the recently considered applications of fiber optic, in their usage in building lighting systems. In this research, in order to reduce energy consumption, by transmission of sun light from the roof to the desired place (i.e. an office), the required standard luminance is produced. The main aims of this research are : 1. Reduction of energy consumption. 2. Making the place compatible with...

It has been almost 100 years since Einstein formulated his special theory of relativity in 1905. He showed that the basic space–time symmetry is dictated by the Lorentz group. It is shown that this group of Lorentz transformations is not only applicable to special relativity, but also constitutes the scientific language for optical sciences. It is noted that coherent and squeezed states of ligh...

The editors introduce the Biomedical Optics Express feature issue, "Advances in Optics for Biotechnology, Medicine and Surgery," which includes 12 contributions from attendees of the 2011 conference Advances in Optics for Biotechnology, Medicine and Surgery XII.